Jackson plan
1822 urban plan for Singapore, outlined by that statesman and named for the lieutenant engineerwho designed it.
Dingo
Wild animal that killed two-month-old Azaria Chamberlain, whose parents were initially blamed forher 1980 "murder."
Nasser
With the USSR, this man sent troops to the Republican side of the Yemeni Civil War.
habeas corpus
Writ that prevents unlawful detention but was suspended unlawfully by Abraham Lincoln during theCivil War.
Tang
Yang Guifei [yong gwee-fay], one of the Four Beauties, was the consort of this dynasty's Emperor Xuanzong.
Gaddafi
his leader pitched his bulletproof (*) Bedouin tent on one of Donald Trump's estates after not being allowed in Central Park
Eisenhower
his president's Secretary of State, who coined the term "brinkmanship," was (*) John Foster Dulles.
Calcutta
large city of eastern India and capital of West Bengal?
Bolivar
man, known as "El Libertador," who founded Gran Colombia and conquered Ecuador.
Mobuto
This man often followed up torture and death sentences with high office appointments as part of his compulsive compulsive rotation of cabinet officials.
Kwame Nkrumah
This man ordered the construction of the Job 600 complex for the meeting of an international organization.
Nasser
This man was the first to recognize the rebels during the North Yemen Civil War.
Nyerere
This man was the head of the sole legal political party,Chama Cha Mapinduzi, even after he passed on his presidency to Ali Hassan Mwinyi.
Petra
Which was a Nabatean [nah-buh-TAY-uhn] capital located in present day Jordan?
Ilkhanate
A civil war broke out between the Golden Horde and this other Mongolian khanate. ThisMongolian khanate was led by Hulagu and, sacked Baghdad, turning its rivers black with ink.
Idi amin
A holiday on February 16th commemorates an activist archbishop that this leader had killed named Janani Luwum.
Kulturkampf
Anti-Catholic struggle of the German government after unification.
Nyerere
He famously invaded Uganda to oust Idi Amin and restore power to Milton Obote.
Goodluck Jonathan
In 2015, this rival of Olusegun Obasanjo became the first sitting Nigerian President to lose anelection. This leader drew criticism for attending his niece's wedding just after Boko Haram committedthe Baga Massacre.
Aleppo
Syrian city where the al-Madina Souq was devastated in the civil war
Tshushima
The crushing naval victory by Japan over Russia in 1905?
Erwin Rommel
The general, nicknamed "Desert Fox", who commanded German forces at D-Day?
Idi amin
This ruler's son Jaffar claims that he loved to drive his wives and daughters into lakes in an amphibious car to hear them scream.
Second Boer war
This war was ended by the Treaty of Vereeniging [vur-EEN-uh-ging].
Mohandas Gandhi
While representing the cousin of Dada Abdullah, this man left a court after being askedto remove his turban. This man presented a petition with 10,000 signatures to Lord Ripon,convincing him to temporarily suspend the Natal Assembly. Hermann (+) Kallenbachdonated the land that allowed this man to establish Tolstoy Farm. In a 1906 article, thisman outlined his "loyalty to the truth," an idea that evolved into (*) Satyagraha. For tenpoints, name this activist whose poor treatment in South Africa helped convince him to fight for Indianindependence.
Venezuela
country currently led by Nicolas Maduro, chosen by a socialist who died in 2013.
Mark Antony
This man was the target of Cicero's [SISS-ur-oh's] Philippic orations.
Doctors
A patriot who died at Bunker Hill, Joseph Warren, had this job.
Alexander the great
After this man's death, his general Perdiccas [purr-dih-kahs] served as regent.
Mandela
This leader went to court with Ismail Ayob, his former lawyer, for selling prints with his signature on it.
Hanseatic League
For 10 points, Baltic Sea commerce was once dominated by what northern European trading league?
Mandela
He wrote the autobiography Long Walk to Freedom
Gaddafi
In August 2010 this man demanded four billion euros to stop immigration from his country.
Baden-Powell
(6) founder of the boy scouts who successfully withstood the Boer's siege of Mafeking?
Darwish
(7) Disfavored term for the Ansar, who were Sufi followers of the Mahdi during the revolt.
Massoud
(8) Lion of Panjshir who formed the Northern Front to resist fundamentalist control of Afghanistan.
Kwame Nkrumah
J. H. Mensah organized this leader's Work and Happiness Plan
Opium
A letter to Queen Victoria asking why this commodity was legal in her country was written by (*) Lin Zexu, who angered British merchants by destroying large amounts of it
Mugabe
After this man left office, his second vice-president Phelekezela Mphoko was named acting president.
Indian National Congress
One prime minister from this party died in Tashkent the day after reaching a peace agreement with a neighboring country
Nyerere
The name of his most famous policy meant 'familyhood' and was involved some people being forced into rural communes.
Agincourt
One side at this battle found its only significant success through an assault on a baggage train and was hindered by enemy palings
Bindusara
Chandragupta was succeeded by this monarch, who was named for the drop of poison atop hishead. This monarch in turn fathered Ashoka.
Red fort
Residence of the Mughal Emperors in Old Delhi. It was plundered during the 1739 sack of Delhi.
Sir Frances Drake
During Elizabeth's fight against the Spanish Armada, she hired this privateer who attacked theSpanish fleet at Cadiz and later circumnavigated the globe for England.
Hutu
Ethnic group that made up the Interahamwe, which carried out the genocide.
Tutsi
Ethnicity targeted during the genocide.
Hungary
European country where the Soviets crushed Imre Nagy's [nahj's] rebellion in 1956.
Churchill
For 10 points, name this Prime Minister who led Britain through most of World War II.
Idi amin
That attack was ordered by a man who was this leader's predecessor and successor, (*) Milton Obote
Fredrick Douglass
For 10 points, name this author of My Bondage and My Freedom, a famous escaped slave and abolitionist.
Plato
For 10 points, name this author of the Crito and Republic, two of his namesake dialogues.
Ford
For 10 points, name this automobile manufacturer that is part of that Big Three with Chrysler and General Motors.
Jp Morgan
For 10 points, name this creator of U.S. Steel, a financier who named a long-running twentieth-century bank
the mind
For 10 points, name this entity that is contrasted with the body in Cartesian [car-tee-shun] dualism.
Eisenhower
For 10 points, name this former Allied commander and president during the 1950's.
Nigeria
For 10 points, name this home of the Igbo author of Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe [CHIN-ooh-uh AH-chay-bay].
Katrina
For 10 points, name this hurricane that nearly destroyed New Orleans.
Gideon v. Wainwright
For 10 points, name this landmark case whose plaintiff broke into a pool hall, which held that the Sixth Amendment required the provision of counsel for indigent plaintiffs.
idi amin
This man ordered a state funeral for a man called "King Freddie."
NYPD
For 10 points, name this organization that protects Manhattan and four other boroughs.
Hell
For 10 points, name this place often described as a location of eternal torment.
Weed
For 10 points, name this plant-based drug now legal in DC, Washington, and Colorado.
Indian National Congress
For 10 points, name this political party that led the Indian independence movement.
Doctors
For 10 points, name this profession whose members once practiced bloodletting and now use tools like the stethoscope.
Vicksburg
For 10 points, name this stronghold on the Mississippi River which surrendered on Independence Day.
Sulieman the Magnificent
For 10 points, name this sultan who presided over the peak of the Ottoman Empire.
Lister
For 10 points, name this surgeon who pioneered the use of antiseptics in surgery.
Iriquois
For 10 points, name this tribal nation, a confederation of six tribes in New York.
Second Boer war
For 10 points, name this war in which Great Britain defeated Dutch-speaking South African farmers.
Seven Years War
For 10 points, name this worldwide war that lasted from 1756 to 1763.
Mobuto
For atime, this leader of the MPR served under President Joseph Kasavubu
Idi amin
For being a go-go dancer for the Revolutionary Suicide Mechanised Regiment Band, this leader's last wife was nicknamed "Suicide Sarah."
Mandela
He was later transferred to Pollsmoor Prison
Mandela
He was one of the defendants at the "Treason Trial," where he was defended by Bram Fischer.
Nasser
He was part of the Free Officers Movement, along with Mohammed Naguib, whom he later overthrew to become president.
Jericho
Whose walls crumbled under attack by Joshua?
Kenyatta
He's not Idi Amin, but this leader's distrust of Asian citizens of his country is detailed in the writings of J. M. Nazareth.
English civil war
Incidents in this war included the Battle of Chalgrove Field, where John Hampden was fatally wounded, and the defense of Turnham Green by the trained bands of (+) London.
Robben Island
Island just north of Cape Town where Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for 18 years.
Kitchen Debate
1959 event in which Nixon and Khrushchev debated capitalism and communism in a model home.
Oklahoma
46th US state, which was designated "Indian Territory" until 1907
Brazil
country whose Golden Law outlawed slavery in 1888.
Al Capone
: During Prohibition, this leader of the Chicago Outfit, known as Scarface, made massive profitssmuggling alcohol.
Nyerere
formed the TANU
Yuan
: This Chinese general was sent to Korea during the Donghak Peasant Rebellion. Following theXinhai [shin-hai] revolution, this general tried to proclaim himself the Hongxian emperor.
British East India Company
(3) Company that eventually conquered India from the Mughals. It won the Battle of Plassey against theNawab of Bengal.
Gordon
(4) British general who died while fighting the Mahdist revolt. He gained his nickname from his defeat ofthe Taiping Rebellion.
Bismark
"Iron Chancellor" who led Germany after its unification.
Golda Meir
"Iron Lady" of Israel, its fourth Prime Minister.
Haiti
From 2011 to 2016, this country's pres dent was musician known as "Sweet Mickey."Jocelerme Privert is serving is the interim Pres dent of this country after the resignation ofMichel Martelly. In August 2016, the UN acknowledged that (+) Nepalese workers were theorigin of a devastating cholera outbreak in this country. The majority of casualties of 2016'sHurricane (*) Matthew were from this country.
Holodomor
Genocidal famine in Ukraine from 1932-33.
Wilhelm 1
German Kaiser, an employer of Otto von Bismarck, whose attempted assassinations led to a crackdownon socialists.
Zollverein
German customs union that bound its states together prior to the country's unification.
Bavaria
German state dissolved by unification ruled by Ludwig the "Swan King" before 1871.
Prussia
German state whose monarch ruled Germany after unification.
the iron duke
Give the noble title or nickname of Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, who convened the Council of Blood after being sent by Philip II to the Netherlands to crush dissent.
Hurricane Andrew
Governor Lawton Chiles coordinated the response to this event, which significantly damaged theCharles Deering Estate. Homestead Air Force Base was devastated by this event, which destroyed 99% ofthe mobile homes in Homestead. In response to this event, the frustrated demand "Where in the hell isthe cavalry on this one?" was made by Kate Hale, emergency manager for Dade County. Over $25 billionin damage was caused by this event, a record that stood until Katrina in 2005. For ten points, name thisdeadly hurricane that struck Florida in 1992.
Almohads
Granada rose to power after the collapse of this earlier Muslim power in Iberia. It was foundedby Ibn Tumart, a Berber.
Danzing
Grass's The Tin Drum, Cat and Mouse, and Dog Years form a trilogy named after this Polishcity that existed as an independent city-state between 1920 and 1939.
Compromise of 1850
Group of laws drafted by Henry Clay that admitted California as a free state.
Bolivia
Guevara died in what country, which also sheltered Klaus Barbie, who may have helped captureGuevara?
Gaddafi
He attempted to merge his country with Syria and Egypt in the failed Federation of Arab Republics.
Ptolemy
For 10 points, name this Alexandrian polymath who names the geocentric model of the universe, and who wrote the Almagest [ALL-muh-jest].
Sam Adams
For 10 points, name this American revolutionary who was the cousin of the 2nd President.
Ben Franklin
For 10 points, name this American statesman who legendarily used a kite to experiment with electricity.
Medina
For 10 points, name this Arabian city in the Hejaz [hih-JOZZ], the second holiest in Islam after Mecca.
Tang
For 10 points, name this Chinese dynasty that lasted from 618 to 907.
Pat Robertson
For 10 points, name this Christian televangelist.
Poland
For 10 points, name this Eastern European country whose largest city was headquarters to the Warsaw Pact.
Christopher Marlowe
For 10 points, name this Elizabethan author who was stabbed by Ingram Frizer, possibly for spying.
Agincourt
For 10 points, name this English victory for Henry V in the Hundred Years War thanks to the efficiency of longbows.
Athens
For 10 points, name this European capital city in which the Parthenon [PAR-thuh-nonn] can be found on the Acropolis [uh-CROP-uh-luhs].
Charlamagne
For 10 points, name this Frankish king, a patron of learning who became the first Holy Roman Emperor.
Alfred the Great
For 10 points, name this King of Wessex whose erudition and successful defense against Vikings made him the first person known as "King of England" and only one called "the Great."
Alexander the great
For 10 points, name this Macedonian king who conquered land as far as India.
GameCube
For 10 points, name this Nintendo console succeeded by the Wii.
Brazil
For 10 points, name this Portuguese-speaking South American country, the fifth-largest country in the world.
William the Silent
For 10 points, name this Prince of Orange from the House of Nassau, a rebel leader who declared the independence of the Netherlands.
Battle of Endor
For 10 points, name this Star Wars battle above a certain forest moon, which resulted in the destruction of the Second Death Star.
Euler
For 10 points, name this Swiss mathematician who presented a solution to the Seven Bridges of Konigsberg [KOHN-eggs-burg] problem.
Mandela
For 10 points, name this Xhosa ANC leader.
Mandela
For 10 points, name this activist and former leader of the ANC
Kulturkampf
For 10 points, name this attack on the Catholic Church by Otto von Bismarck.
Mexico City
For 10 points, name this city that serves as the capital of a country south of the Rio Grande.
Ireland
For 10 points, name this country whose mythology is described in the Ulster Cycle, a manuscript of which is in its city of Dublin.
2008 Recession
For 10 points, name this economic event which caused US unemployment rates to rise to ten percent by 2009.
Bill Clinton
For 10 points, name this former Arkansas governor who was inaugurated as president in 1993.
Mark Antony
For 10 points, name this friend of Julius Caesar and lover of Cleopatra.
George III
For 10 points, name this mad king who ruled during the American Revolution.
Nyerere
For 10 points, name this man who oversaw the union of Tanganyika with Zanzibar
EU
For 10 points, name this organization of 28 member states across a namesake continent.
Pope Gregory I
For 10 points, name this pope who is the namesake of a type of monastic chant.
Nyerere
For 10 points, name this promoter of ujaama, the first president of Tanzania.
Sigmond Freud
For 10 points, name this psychologist who conceived of the Oedipus complex and founded psychoanalysis
California
For 10 points, name this western U.S. state, admitted to the Union after its Gold Rush of 1849.
Saddam Hussein
For supplying this leader with raw materials, Franz van Anraat was sentenced toseventeen years in prison. President of Zambia Kenneth Kaunda sent this leader a Boeing747 filled with luxurious goods as a gift. Despite his country signing the (+) Algiersagreement six years earlier, this leader launched an eight year-long war to gain control ofthe Shatt Al-Arab. This leader also launched the (*) Al-Anfal campaign, which included thegassing of Kurds at Halabja.
Kenyatta
For ten points, name this first president of Kenya.
Toyotomi clan
Forces loyal to this family consolidated under Mitsunari Ishida to form the Western Army. A memberof this family assumed the title of regent because his low birth prevented him from reaching a higherposition. The Council of Five Elders was created to rule in place of a young member of this family namedHideyori. Osaka Castle was constructed by a member of this family who wanted to surpass his mentor,Oda Nobunaga. For the point, name this family that opposed Tokugawa Ieyasu [Tokugawa ee-ay-yah-soo]and that included Hideyoshi.
Martel
Forces under this man killed King Poppo at the Battle of Boarn. In a victory for thisman, retreating soldiers left their tents behind after his scouts discovered their loot fromBordeaux. This man defeated Ragenfred and (+) Childeric II at the Battle of Vincy,essentially removing them from a 715 civil war. This man served in both Neustria andAustrasia as (*) Mayor of the Palace until his 741 death. Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi was defeated bythis man in a battle that halted the Muslim conquest of Europe.
Mohamed Morsi
Former President of Egypt who was deposed in 2013 after claiming unlimited power to undo the workof his predecessor, Hosni Mubarak.
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Former President of Iran who spoke to the UN General Assembly in 2010, questioning whether theU.S. government committed the 9/11 attacks.
Kosovo
Former Yugoslavian country, unrecognized by Serbia, whose 1999 bombing led Tom Campbell to sueBill Clinton.
Mandela
Former censor officer James Gregory wrote the possibly fraudulent biography Goodbye Bafana about this man, whose own memoir is titled Long (*)) Walk to Freedom.
Grant
Former president and Civil War general who Garfield narrowly beat at the 1880 Republican NationalConvention.
Kenyatta
He banned the opposition KPU party following 1969 elections, after which (*)) Oginga Odinga became his Vice President
Nasser
He blocked access to the Straits of Tiran [tih-RAHN] in response to the withdrawal of funding for the Aswan High Dam.
Mark Antony
His wife Fulvia [FULL-vee-uh] led a faction of senators during a civil war
New York
Home state of Garfield's rival, fellow Republican Roscoe Conkling.
Treaty of Utrecht
Hostilities that this treaty failed to end were later resolved through the Treaties of Badenand Rastatt. Under this treaty, 200 years after Tordesillas, Portugal's control of Brazil wasfinally recognized. Great Britain gained (+) Gibraltar and the asiento, a monopoly onthe slave trade, through this treaty. Under this treaty, a claim to the (*) French throne wasrenounced by Philip of Anjou so that he could be king of an Iberian country. For ten points, name thistreaty that ended the War of Spanish Succession.
Entebbe Raid
Jean-Jacque Maimoni was killed by friendly fire in this event. In carrying out this event, Wilfred Boseprotested that he was not a Nazi. During this event, Dora Bloch was allowed to leave due to illness, thenwas killed anyway. Jonathan Netanyahu was the IDF's only fatality in this event; others killed includedtwo members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, who had hijacked Air France Flight139.
Ben Franklin
John Sevier was elected to govern a short-lived (+) state in modern-day Tennessee named for this man.
Sea Venture
John Smith's "Rude Answer" inspired English investors to build this supply ship, whichChristopher Newport captained during the Third Supply mission. This ship was wrecked in Bermuda bya hurricane in 1609.
opera house
Jorn Utzon-designed arts center in that city, known for its white concrete shells
Kwame Nkrumah
Joseph Ankrah's National Liberation Council deposed this man while he was meeting with Zhou Enlai on a state visit to North Vietnam.
First Continental Congress
Joseph Galloway presented a Plan of Union to this body that was firmly rejected. This body, whichendorsed the Suffolk Resolves as a move of solidarity, was presided over by Henry Middleton after thedeparture of its original president, Peyton Randolph. In its Declaration and Resolves, this body requestedthat Committees of Safety boycott British trade. The Intolerable Acts were the impetus for, for the point,what 1774 meeting between delegates of the Thirteen Colonies that failed to stave off the RevolutionaryWar?
NYPD
Many members of this organization, which is currently led by William Bratton, recently turned their backs on Bill de Blasio
Rwandan Genocide
Many perpetrators of this event were tried in Gacaca courts due to a backlog in the traditional justicesystem. The large number of refugees fleeing this event led to the Great Lakes Crisis in a neighboringcountry. This event was hastened by rebel forces taking Gisenyi two weeks after the Interahamwe militialost the capital city of Kigali. Paul Kagame [kuh-GAH-may] became Vice President after the end of, forten points, what 1994 event in which the Hutus massacred their Tutsi countrymen in a central Africancountry?
Naxalite
Maoist insurgency group targeted by Operation Steeplechase in the early 1970s?
Kulturkampf
It was promulgated by the Congregations Law, and the May Laws of Adalbert [AD-uh-burt] Falk tried to institute this policy, which banned the Jesuits.
Mugabe
It was waged against this man's predecessor as Prime Minister, who signed the Unilateral Declaration of Independence, Ian Smith
Gaddafi
It's not Nasser, but his Free Officers movement launched Operation Jerusalem to depose the Senussi monarchy.
Garibaldi
Italian general who led the Redshirts during the Risorgimento
Count of Cavour
Italian statesman who eventually took office as the first Prime Minister of Italy, but died after onlythree months in office.
Axum
Itiyopis built this kingdom's capital of Mazaber. Abraha, formerly a general for thiskingdom, declared himself King of Himyar. Kaleb, another leader of this kingdom, defeatedthe Yemeni warlord Dhu Huwas. In the First Hjira, Muhammad urged his followers to fleeto this kingdom, which captured (+) Meroe, the capital of the Kingdom of Kush. Thiskingdom's leader Ezana adopted Christianity after he was baptized by St. Frumentius. Thefirst leader of the (*) Solomonic Dynasty, Yekuno Amlak, claimed descent from the last leader of thisempire.
GameCube
Its exclusive games include Luigi's Mansion and Super Smash Bros. Melee.
Basque
Its namesake mountain range is the eastern section of the Cantabrian Mountains
D.C.
Izola Curry stopped a man from speaking in this city during the 1st Youth March. A speech givenin this city asserts that a certain group, "will quietly and nonviolently" help "implement the SupremeCourt's decision of May 17, 1954." During the Prayer Pilgrimage, the "Give Us the Ballot" speech wasdelivered in this city. Walter Reuther helped support an event in this city, where the Big Six spoke. BayardRustin and Asa Philip Randolph organized a 1963 March on, for ten points, what city where MartinLuther King delivered the "I Have a Dream" speech?
Kwame Nkrumah
James McBride's memoir The Color of Water mentions his grandfather's friendship with this man during his time as a dishwasher in New York
Iraq
Javad Fakoori ordered a failed surprise attack against this country in which four Phantom jets triedto carry out Operation Scorched Sword; the French helped repair the damage from that attack. DavidIvry helped plan another attack on this country that provided the first application of Menachim Begin'sforeign doctrine; in announcing that doctrine, Begin noted that "later may be too late." That attack onthis country was codenamed Operation Opera and carried out by the Israeli Air Force through Saudiairspace to prevent this country from developing nuclear weapons.
Peterloo Massacre
Massacre of British protesters in 1819 that led to the Six Acts, restricting protests
Abu simbel
Massive rock temples of Ramesses the Great and Nefertari built in Nubia.
Lister
Most famously, he applied lint soaked in carbolic acid to a boy's wound and found that after four days, no infection had occurred.
EU
Most members of this organization also participate in the Schengen [shane-gun] Area
Jahangir
Muhammad Hadi continued writing memoir that this author stopped working on atthe age 17. This emperor, who became drinking partners with ambassador Thomas Roe,ordered the arrest of Guru (+) Arjan Dev, who was executed when he refused to convertto Islam. This man blinded his son Khusrau after an attempted revolt, and he himselfunsuccessfully revolted against his (*) father while the latter was fighting in the Deccan Plateau in1599.
Zulfiqar
Muhammad claimed that there was no sword "which renders service except" this double-bladedor double-tipped sword, which he gave to Ali at the Battle of Uhud.
Pakistan
Muslim nation of which Bangladesh was the "East" portion until 1971?
Salt
Name for both US-Soviet treaties that limited ballistic missile production.
Godse
Nehru's eulogy for Mahatma Gandhi was delivered just hours after this Hindu nationalist shotGandhi.
Order 227
Numbered order that allowed deserters to be shot and contained the phrase "not one step back."
Idi amin
Robert Siedle was killed in this man's country for attempting to investigate a massacre at the Mbarara ["em-ba-rah-rah"] barracks.
Korean-Americans
The 1992 L.A. riots were a response to the acquittal of the policemen who beat Rodney King;violence was particularly concentrated against this ethnic group, partially due to the light sentencing of amember of this ethnicity for the murder of 15-year-old Latasha Harlins.
Tanks
The 2nd Division unit dedicated to the use of this technology won a decisive American victory in theBattle of Norfolk. In 1980, the U.S. introduced a new generation of these weapons named after CreightonAbrams. The M4 variety of these weapons, used extensively in World War II, was named after WilliamT. Sherman. George Patton commanded the first American unit dedicated to the use of these weapons inWorld War I. For the point, name these armored battle vehicles.
Washington monument
The cap of this 555-foot tall obelisk is a 100-ounce piece of aluminum, cast two years beforedevelopment of the Hall-H´eroult process made aluminum significantly cheaper.
Anaconda Plan
The capture of Vicksburg gave the Union control of the Mississippi River, one of the three tenets of this plan advocated by Winfield Scott, which is named after a type of snake.
Don Larsen
Was the New York Yankees pitcher who threw a perfect game in the World Series? 1956
Greene
Was the Rhode Island general who led the American army at Guilford Courthouse?
Baldwin I
Was the first ruler to use the title "King of Jerusalem"?
Acre
Was the last Crusader city to fall, in 1291?
Nicaragua
Was the nation led by Anastasio Somoza Garcia, who was assassinated in 1956?
Australia
Was the nation that hosted the first Summer Olympics in the Southern Hemisphere?
Knights Hospitaller
Was the other prominent Christian military order, which survived on Malta and Rhodes after the Crusades?
Hale
Was the spy who stated "I only regret I have but one life to give for my country?"
Nyerere
name this man who promoted ujamaa in Tanzania.
Guyana
nation where members of the Peoples Temple Agricultural Project committed mass suicide in 1978.
Cetshwayo
(5) Leader who won at Isandlwana but was captured after the Battle of Ulundi, which led to Britishconquest of the Zulu Kingdom
Stinger
(5) Missiles used in Afghanistan to shoot down Mi-24 Hind helicopters after 1986.
Khartoum
(5) battle in which the title city fell to the Mahdi's army, who killed Charles "Chinese" Gordon.
Battle of Omdurman
(6) Aforementioned decisive British victory in 1898 over Abdullah al-Taashi, who claimed to be theMahdi.
Omar
(6) One-eyed mullah who refused to hand over Osama bin Laden as the leader of Afghanistan.
Homstead Act
Laws that gave citizens land in the West for no cost, in exchange for developing it.
Kronstadt Rebellion
1921 rebellion whose suppression led to the development of the New Economic Policy.
Kursk
1943 battle that was the largest tank battle in history
Xi Jingping
) In 2013, this leader declared that youth should "dare to dream" and "contribute to the revitalizationof the nation." In 2012, this leader wrote the Eight Point Regulations, which called for making theparty "closer to the masses." After taking office in 2013, this leader launched a massive anti-corruptioncampaign, vowing to crack down on the "tigers and flies" and arresting Xu Caihou and Zhou Yongkang.
Peloponnesian War
) In a play that mocks this war, a farmer disguises his daughters as pigs and trades them for salt, whilethe main character holds a basket of charcoal hostage while trying to argue for an end to this war. Inanother play, a man flies a dung beetle to heaven to argue for an end to this war. A cause of this war wasan embargo against the colony of Megara, as related in the play The Acharnians.
Youngstown steel
1952 Supreme Court case that limited President Truman's ability to seize private property duringwar.
Chariot Races
. In response to a rebellion sparked by one of these events, Narses distributed gold to its spectators.
Kagame
Leader of the RPF and current President of Rwanda, who stopped the genocide.
Lousinana Purchase
1803 land purchase in which the U.S. acquired much of the Midwest.
Eureka Stockade rebellion
1854 rebellion of gold miners in Ballarat.
Expedition of the Thousand
1860 event in which the Redshirts traveled to Marsala to conquer the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
Sand Creek
1864 massacre of Cheyenne and Arapaho Natives by the John Chivington's Colorado VolunteerCavalry.
Treaty of Fort Laramie
1868 treaty that ended Red Cloud's War, signed at a fort in Wyoming.
Little Bighorn
1876 battle in which the Sioux annihilated the 7th U.S. Cavalry, killing George Custer
Dawes
1887 act that attempted to assimilate Native Americans by authorizing the President to carve up anddistribute Native lands.
Wounded Knee
1890 massacre of unarmed Lakota men, women, and children in South Dakota.
Sirte
: Gaddafi's failed escape convoy tried to get him out of this Libyan city, his birthplace.
Nyerere
A 1956 debate of the Fourth UN Committee on Trusts ended with this man's supporters victorious in a motion to allow him to speak.
Mitch McConnell
A 2013 picture of this man shows him with an inflated throat pouch in a "show of dominance overfellow Congressional males." A 2016 satirical article included another photoshopped picture of this mancovered in blood holding a severed head. That article ostensibly quoted this man as saying "Do notattempt to silence the voice of the American people," and reported that he had mailed his victim's handto Sri Srinivasan as a warning.
Missouri Compromise
A former president noted that this legislation "awakened and filled me with terror" "like a firebellin the night." Directly prior to this legislation, the Senate rejected the Tallmadge Amendment. Thislegislation prevented slavery in territories north of the 36-30 parallel, and admitted Maine as a free statein exchange for a namesake territory being admitted as a slave state. The Kansas-Nebraska Act nullified,for the point, what controversial 1820 compromise?
Mandela
A group co-founded by this man was a military group responsible for the Church Street bombing known as Umkhonto we Sizwe
Zhou
A king of this dynasty named You disgraced the Marquis of Shen after divorcing his daughter forBao Si, which led to the sacking of Hao. This dynasty, which was founded in the Wei river valley, wonthe Battle of Muye against Di Xin [dee shin]. The Eastern version of this dynasty featured the HundredSchools of Thought during the Spring and Autumn Period, and this dynasty faded when the WarringStates were unified into the Qin dynasty.
Soong
A member of this family secured $100 million from the United States in exchange for continuallyharassing one million Japanese soldiers. A school for "warphans" was established by a member of thisfamily at the foot of the Purple Hills. Three members are this family are said to love money, power, andthe country, according to a folk saying. A member of this family was named Honorary Chairwoman of thePeople's Republic of China over 30 years after the rest of her family fled to Taiwan.
Doctors
A member of this profession was assisted by Absalom Jones during a 1793 event in Philadelphia.
Insanity
A modern legal definition of this concept is based on the M'Naghten rules, first developed in the1840s. Defenses based on this concept usually use the Latin phrase non compos mentis to justify actions.Absence of mens rea is used as justifications for lighter punishments when this concept is present. A 1984act reformed this concept in American law in response to public outrage after the assassination attempton Ronald Reagan inspired by an obsession with Jodie Foster.
Pyongyang
A monument in this city, decorated with carvings of azaelas, is found at the foot of Moran Hill andis modeled after the Arc de Triomphe. One building in this city, shaped like a pyramid with three wings,first topped out at 105 floors in 1992 but has yet to open to the public. A flame-topped monument inthis city is named after the state ideology.
Arabic
A non-Christian philosopher who wrote in this language wrote a spiritual autobiography titledDeliverance from Error, as well as The Incoherence of the Philosophers, which promoted the ideas of theAsharite school. Debates conducted in this language over an ancient Greek philosopher included TheIncoherence of the Incoherence, written by Averroes. The theologian Al-Ghazali wrote primarily in, forthe point, what language into which many works were translated by scholars at the House of Wisdom inBaghdad?
Nigeria
A once-great wrestler in a novel from this country hangs himself after killing Ikemefuna [ick-ay-muh-FOO-nuh] and beating his wife during the Week of Peace
Jonestown
A recording made at this location overwrote "I'm Sorry" by The Delfonics and othersoul tunes. While at this location, Timothy Stoen signed an affidavit that he wasn't thefather of his son, which would later lead to a massive custody battle. This location was thesite of (+) "White Nights" simulated attacks, in which residents could either stay and fightor flee into the jungle. After investigating this location, Congressman Leo (*) Ryan was killedat the nearby Port Kaituma air strip.
Mugabe
A report about the country led by this politician is partially titled "You Will be Thoroughly Beaten" and details how difficult it is to peacefully protest in that country.
Josean Dynasty
A ruler of this dynasty tried to legitimize his rule by forcing dissident ministers to recite poetry butfailed to so and thus executed those "six martyred ministers." This dynasty launched an expedition againstthe Tsushima Islands and established a "Hall of the Worthies" for scholars. Taejo founded this dynasty,which was aided in fighting off a Japanese invasion by Yi Sun-Sin, after which it became isolationist andwas known as a "hermit kingdom." Sejong the Great once led, for the point, what Korean dynasty thatruled from the fall of Goryeo to the early 20th century?
India
A theater of the Seven Years' War called the Third Carnatic War took place in which modern-day country?
Gauls
A tribe of these people called the Senones marched on Rome, demanding that Quintus Fabius behanded over; when he wasn't, these people won the Battle of the Allia, then cheated the losers withweighted scales for measuring tribute. A chieftain of the Arverni tribe of these people led a massiverebellion of these people until his defeat at the Siege of Alesia.
lung cancer
A type of this disease that makes surgery difficult was discovered by Henry Pancoast. Fritz Lickintexperimented with X-raying the spleen as a cure for this disease and coined the term for a "passive" causeof it. Scientists in Nazi Germany discovered the link between this disease and asbestos. In the late 1990s,Philip Morris admitted that its products cause this disease. For ten points, name this type of cancer oftencaused by smoking tobacco.
Kevorkian
A videotape showing this man with Thomas Youk ends with this man challenging the authorities toconvict him. Shortly after this man worked with Janet Adkins, the state of Michigan revoked his license.This man employed the use of the Mercitron and the Thanatron to deliver, respectively, carbon monoxideor an IV drip of lethal medicine.
the Bataclan and the Stade de France
A week before the Brussels bombings, Belgian police carried out a raid in connection with theNovember 2015 Paris attacks, which targeted two separate entertainment venues that were hosting anEagles of Death Metal concert and a France-Germany friendly. Name either venue.
Plato
A work by this man inspired al-Farabi's [ahl fuh-RAH-bee's] book The Virtuous City
George III
After this man refused to support Catholic Emancipation, his prime minister Pitt the Younger resigned.
peron
President of Argentina who was married to Evita
Habyarimana
President whose death in an airplane accident sparked the genocide.
Ramallah
Abbas was sworn in as head of the Palestinian National Authority in this city, its de factoadministrative capital. This city in the West Bank was bombed at the beginning of Operation DefensiveShield.
St. Louis
Adam Lemp founded a brewery in this city, where he introduced Lager Beer. MargueriteScypion filed one of the first "freedom suits" in this city. During the Civil War, NathanielLyon captured a state militia at Camp Jackson that was planning to attack this city'sarsenal. Auguste (+) Chouteau helped found this city, where Minoru Yamasaki built thePruitt-Igoe housing project. In this city, one of the first bridges that utilized (*) caissons wasbuilt by James Eads to cross the Mississippi River. For ten points, name this city where Eero Saarinenbuilt the Gateway Arch.
Committies of Correspondence
Adams helped form this shadow government system that excluded loyalists and allowed patriots throughout the colonies to coordinate revolutionary efforts
Greely
After David S. Jackson was unseated for election fraud, this man was selected toreplace him in a special election. This man wrote "We defy it, execrate it, spit upon it" inresponse to Winfield Scott's unpopular platform. In 1872, Georgia's (+) electoral votes forthis Liberal Republican candidate were rejected. This man employed Whitelaw Reid andMargaret Fuller at a newspaper that printed this man's (*) "Prayer of Twenty Millions" in 1862.For ten points, name this founder of the New York Tribune who popularized the phrase "Go West, youngman" and died shortly after losing the 1872 presidential election.
Kenyatta
After Governor Baring declared a state of emergency, this man was arrested during Operation Jock Scott and tried at Kapenguria while Dedan Kimathi fled.
Kibbutzim
After his career in politics, Ben-Gurion retired to one of these Israeli collectivist farms, many ofwhich industrialized over the 20th century. A few hundred of these communities exist in Israel today.
Gaddafi
After protests against this man's rule began, a rebel government was established in the city of Benghazi (ben-GAH-zee).
Beijing
After receiving news that diplomats had been tortured, French and British troops trashed thiscity's Old Summer Palace in 1860. The Yongzheng Emperor required everyone taking the civil serviceexamination to learn this city's dialect of Mandarin. This city was the site of the Siege of the InternationalLegations, which caused the deployment of the Eight Nation Alliance during the Boxer Rebellion. TheQing dynasty's seat of power was the Forbidden City in, for the point, what capital of China?
Idi amin
After seizing power from Milton Obote, this man renamed his palace "The Command Post" and expelled 50,000 Asian from his country
2000
Al Franken wrote a speculative account of this election year titled Why Not Me?. "TheShrub" led push-polling in South Carolina during this election year, during which DavidFoster Wallace reported for Rolling Stone while riding the (+) Straight Talk Express.Shortly before this election, a primary-loser released his memoir Faith of My Fathers abouthis service as a naval aviator in the (*) Vietnam War. The eventual loser in this election year wenton to win a Nobel Peace Prize in part for his book An Inconvenient Truth.
Mandela
Albert Luthuli reprimanded this man for a speech he gave at Freedom Square in Sophiatown
Portugal
Alberto Cantino was sent to this empire under the guise of negotiating a horse trade to steal maps ofthis empire's overseas discoveries. A desire to settle the "Moluccas issue" prompted this country to signa 1529 treaty in a neighboring empire. Abu Abdallah Mohammad II's deposition as Sultan of Moroccoprompted this empire to intervene in the Battle of Alcacer Quibir, which brought an end to its AvizDynasty.
Seville
Albertus Magnus claimed that cannons were used at a 1246-1247 siege of this European city; iftrue, that would make that siege the first known engagement in the western world to use gunpowder.The Etymologiae was an encyclopedic work compiled by a saint from this city named Isidore. This city'snamesake cathedral contains a prominent bell-tower known as the Giralda and is the largest cathedral inthe world. Mud´ejar architectural motifs were used in the creation of the Alc´azar of this city found closeto the port of C´adiz. For the point, name this major Spanish city of Andalusia.
Guatemala
Allen Dulles launched Operation PBSUCCESS in this country, where a CIA-backed coup led tothe removal of Jacobo Arbenz.
Gaddafi
Along with Habib el-Bourguiba, this leader negotiated the Djerba Agreement.
Mandela
Although he was an initial proponent of non-violent action, he abandoned such ideas after the Sharpeville Massacre.
Nasser
Although refusing to pledge his allegiance to either side in the Cold War, this man later asked the Soviet Union to help fund his construction of the (*) Aswan Dam.
Frank Kellogg
American politician who co-names an 1928 anti-war pact with French minister Aristide Briand.
Buffalo Bill
American showman who acted out episodes from the Indian Wars in his circus-like Wild West show
Idi amin
Among the amusing stories about this man are that he lied about serving with British forces in Burma during World War II, as his service had actually begun in 1946, and his claim that a "talking tortoise" had predicted his downfall.
Ronald Reagan
An inaugural address delivered by this U.S. president relates the story of soldier Martin Treptow, whodied in World War I. Yellow ribbons were worn to celebrate the inauguration of this president. A speechdelivered by this president to the National Association of Evangelicals claimed that the Judeo-Christiantradition was superior to the collective mentality of the Soviet Union, which he dubbed an "Evil Empire."
God Save the Queen
An "official peace version" of this song from 1919 rewrites its warlike second stanza. Muzio Clementipaid tribute to his adopted land by quoting this song in his Great National Symphony, and early versionsof this song included a verse celebrating Field Marshal Wade in opposition to the Jacobites. John Bullis sometimes cited as the composer of this song's melody, which is also used for the national anthemof Liechtenstein and the American song "My Country, Tis of Thee." For the point, name this nationalanthem of the United Kingdom.
Egypt
An army from this region intercepted King Josiah at Megiddo and killed him. Near the end of his life,the prophet Jeremiah was forced to move to this region against his will. A family fled to this region toescape King Herod's decree to kill all boys two years or younger. The firstborn of every household in thisregion was slaughtered before its leader allowed the Israelites to leave.
Medical Schools
An investigation of the standards of these institutions was published in the 1910 Flexner Report.Harriot Hunt was the first woman to apply to one of these institutions, which was overseen at the timeby Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. Two Scotsmen founded the first of these institutions in America at theUniversity of Pennsylvania. After facing rejection from 29 of these institutions, one of them in Geneva,New York finally accepted Elizabeth Blackwell. For ten points, name this type of educational institution.
Chariot Races
An uprising that started during one of these events sought to crown (+) Hypatius as the new emperor.
Jordan
Arab country that remained neutral and controlled the majority of the West Bank after the war.
Al-Nakba
Arabic term for the forced displacement of 700,000 Palestinian Arabs during the war
Idi amin
Archbishop Janani Luwum ["Luh-wum"] was killed by this man's government
Article 2
Article of the Constitution that details the President's powers and roles, including that title.
Arthur Wellesley
As a lieutenant-colonel, this man led a bayonet charge on the left flank during the Battleof Mallavelly before failing in his first attack on Seringapatam in the Anglo-Mysore War.This resident of Apsley House threatened to (+) resign if the Catholic Relief Act of 1829was not passed; that unpopular decision that may have contributed to his nickname of (*)"Iron Duke." In another battle, this man famously said that either "night or the Prussians must come;"Bl¨ucher's Prussians did.
Glorious Revolution
As a result of this event, the Cameronians suppressed the Dundee Rebellion at the Battle of Dunkeld.Members of the MacDonald clan were killed in the Glencoe Massacre for failing to swear loyalty to a kinginstalled in this event; that king won the Battle of the Boyne and was a stadtholder from the House ofOrange. The 1689 English Bill of Rights was passed after this event, which removed the Catholic James II.For ten points, name this bloodless revolution in which William III and Mary II became rulers of England.
Mensheviks
As this group walked out of the 1917 All-Russian Congress of Soviets, an infuriated Trotskyyelled "Go where you belong - into the dustbin of history!" This faction's name derives from the Russianfor "minority."
Philippines
At a battle fought off the shores of this country, Admiral Halsey aggressively maneuvered the U.S.Third Fleet north, earning that battle the nickname "Bull's Run." Masaharu Homma was executed forwar crimes he committed in this country, where he forced a group of POWs to trek sixty miles to CampO'Donnell. The Battle of Leyte Gulf was fought near this country, where Japanese forces carried out theBataan Death March. For the point, name this Asian country to which Douglas MacArthur vowed toreturn.
Mandelas funeral
At this event, Hellen Thorning Schmidt took a controversial selfie with David Cameron and BarackObama, and Obama controversially shook hands with Raul Castro. Thamsanqa Jantjie suffered aschizophrenic episode while providing sign language translation at this event, which included a servicein FNB Stadium, where Jacob Zuma was booed.
Hajj
Augustine Podmore Williams scandalously abandoned a group of participants in one of these eventsto die on an abandoned ship in a hurricane, inspiring Joseph Conrad's novel Lord Jim. Iranian diplomatGhazanfar Roknabadi died during this event in the 2015 Mina Stampede. During this event, participantsthrow pebbles at the jamarat, representing the Devil.
Ogaden
The aforementioned conflict against the Derg began when Siad Barre invaded this namesakedisputed region. It is the easternmost region of Ethiopia.
MSG
Barbara Jordan and Zell Miller gave keynote addresses during party national conventions held in thisspecific location. In 1982, Sun Myung Moon held the first Blessing Ceremony of the Unification Churchoutside of Korea in this location, conducting a mass wedding in which 2,500 people were married. TheHulu Theater at this location is currently slated for demolition as part of plans to expand nearby PennStation. For ten points, identify this New York City concert hall and sporting venue named for the fourthpresident.
Sherman
Basil Hart claimed that this man was the first "modern general" in history. The forces of LeonidasPolk were defeated in a campaign led by this man that ended with the capture of Meridian. This manaccepted the surrender of Joseph Johnston's forces at Bennett Place in North Carolina. This general, whoallegedly came up with the saying "war is hell," sent a telegram offering 25,000 bales of cotton as part ofa Christmas present after a campaign that was meant to "make Georgia howl." For ten points, name thisUnion general who led a March to the Sea.
Saratoga
Battle, a defeat for John Burgoyne in the Revolutionary War, that convinced France to support theAmerican Revolution.
Bosworth Field
Before this battle, character claims that "the ransom of my bold attempt Shallbe this cold corpse on the earth's cold face" should he die in combat. The night prior tothis battle, man states "It is now (+) dead midnight. / Cold fearful drops stand on mytrembling flesh. / What do I fear? Myself ?" after begin visited by a parade of vengefulghosts who instruct him to despair and die. At this battle, the losing commander exclaims(*) "A horse! a horse! my kingdom for a horse!"
Katrina
Before this event, Robert Ricks likely saved many lives by warning that an area would become "uninhabitable for weeks."
Tagore
Bengali Nobel laureate in literature who wrote the Indian and Bangladeshi national anthems?
King Tut
Boy king whose tomb was re-discovered by Howard Carter in 1922
Churchill
British Prime Minister who called the fall of colonial Singapore the worst disaster in British militaryhistory
Assassination of Lumumba
CIA agent Larry Devlin criticized this action, calling it "morally wrong," and argued against SidneyGottlieb's plan to do this via poisonous "toothpaste." The victim of this event was tortured at theBrouwez House after being held at Camp Hardy in Thysville for over a month. The victim of this eventhad led his country for nearly three months in 1960 before Belgian-funded secessionists in Katanga forcedhim out.
Seven Years War
Canada became a British colony after the Treaty of Paris that ended this war.
Chelyabinsk
City in the Urals known as "Tankograd" for its industrial output.
Maratha
Confederacy that displaced the Mughals from southern India. It was founded by Shivaji.
Mugabe
Constantino (*) Chiwenga released a statement condemning this leader's purges of senior officials a day before he was forced to resign.
Genet
Controversial 18th century French "citizen" ambassador who wanted to bring America into war withBritain.
War Powers Act
Controversial 1973 law that restricts the President's power to deploy armed troops beyond 60 days.
dams
The aforementioned use of bouncing bombs was used to destroy these structures at Mohne andEdersee; the bombs became known as the "busters" of these structures.
Malaysia
Country from which Singapore was expelled in 1965.
Indonesia
Country that fought the Konfrontasi conflict against Singapore under the leadership of Sukarno
UK
Country that had formerly administered Mandatory Palestine.
Benin
Country that was once the colony of French Dahomey; it shares it name with a Nigerian-basedkingdom led by Ovonramwen.
Kenya
Country whose large white settler population included the Happy Valley Set, centered on the town ofNyeri near the Aberdare Mountains.
Nasser
Creation of (*) Helwan City and the Aswan Dam, along with the nationalization of the Suez Canal, were major projects under the rule of this man.
Guantanamo Bay
Cuban naval base used by the US to detain terror suspects and enemy combatants.
Arlington
Dedications at this site include a memorial to the victims of the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing at theLockerbie Cairn, as well as a memorial built from the mast of the sunken USS Maine. John Carl Warneckedesigned an eternal flame at this site in honor of John F. Kennedy. Recipients of the Silver Star or PurpleHeart meet the criteria to be buried at, for the point, what national military cemetery across the PotomacRiver from Washington DC?
Kenyatta
Early in his political career, this man created a newspaper called (*) Mwigithania, which translates to "He Who Brings Together".
Nyerere
Early in his political career, this man negotiated fruitfully with British representative Richard Turnbull.
Oklahoma City Bombing
Dave Paulson was questioned for his role in this event after his business card was left ina police car with a suspicious note on it. Twelve years prior to this event, a group called TheCovenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord planned a rocket (+) attack on the sametarget. Missing license plates prompted Charlie Hanger to arrest the perpetrator of thisevent, who was inspired to commit it after the (*) ATF siege of the Branch Davidian compoundat Waco.
Herbert Hoover
Death Valley was proclaimed a National Park by this President, one month before he left office.This man's Presidential library is in West Branch, Iowa, and his home in California is now the officialresidence of the President of Stanford University.
Kenyatta
Early in his political career, this man was sent to London as a lobbyist by James Beauttah.
Stalin
Dictator who led the Soviet Union during World War II.
Stalin
Dictator who ordered the death of Leon Trotsky and was succeeded by Nikita Khrushchev.
GameCube
During development, this system was codenamed (+) "Dolphin".
Statue of Liberty
Edouard de Laboulaye proposed this structure as an international effort. After this structure wascompleted on Bedloe's Island, it was celebrated with its city's first ticker-tape parade. This monument'sbase features an Emma Lazarus poem with the verses "give me your tired, your poor, your huddledmasses" called "The New Colossus." For ten points, name this Frederic Bartholdi-designed sculpture thatbears a copper torch in New York Harbor.
Prism
Edward Snowden leaked the existence of this surveillance program, which has been described asthe number one source of raw Internet data for the agency. The FISA Court supervises this program.
Theater fire
Event and type of location required. In Brooklyn in 1876, almost 300 people died in one of theseevents, whose victims were mostly from the upper family circle. Eddie Foy tried to calm the crowd duringone of these events at Chicago's Iroquois in 1903, but over 600 people died, making it the deadliest ofthese events in history. In the opinion to 1919's Schenck v. United States, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.wrote that "the most stringent protection of free speech would not protect" someone from falsely shoutingthat one of these events was occurring. For the point, name this specific type of disaster, one of whichdestroyed Shakespeare's Globe after a cannon accident.
Great Purge
Event from 1936-1938 that destroyed the Army leadership and killed Marshal Tukachevsky amonghundreds of thousands of others.
Gama
Explorer who used that discovery to become the first European to reach India by sea
Kwame Nkrumah
Following a failed assassination attempt in the Kulungugu Incident, this leader had several of his own ministers arrested and tried, including H.H. Cofie-Crabbe, Ako Adjei, and Tawia Adamafio.
Basque
For 10 points, Bilbao is in what autonomous community of northern Spain whose native language is a linguistic isolate?
China
Freddy Guarin recently transferred to a team in this country. Like Saudi Arabia andFrance, it crashed out of the 2002 FIFA World Cup without scoring a goal, but hasn'tqualified for a World Cup since. Shortly after his stint as manager of Brazil, Felipe Scolarifound work in this country with a team called (+) Evergrande. In 2012, Chelsea lostNicholas Anelka and Didier Drogba to a team in this country owned by the GreenlandGroup, (*) Shenhua FC.
Versailles
French palace whose Hall of Mirrors was the location of Germany's unification.
defense mechanisms
Freud's daughter Anna authored a book titled for the "Ego" and what concepts, whose examples include regression and projection?
Vicksburg
General Sherman captured Jackson during the campaign to take this location, and Port Hudson fell following the surrender of this location by John C. Pemberton
Kenyatta
George Padmore, a friend of this man, helped shape his anti-colonalist ideals.
Us invasion of Canada
George Pearkes described a contingency for this action as a "fantastic desperate plan"which "just might have worked." That plan, developed by James Brown, called for theimmediate seizure of the Great Falls at the occurrence of this event. (+) Defense SchemeNo. 1 was designed to prevent this action which was called for in War Plan Crimson. Inplanning for this action, one government noted that Route 99 "is the best practicable routeto (*) Vancouver."
Crimea
Haci I Giray founded a state in this region that gained nominal independence in the Treaty of KuchukKainarji. Alfonso La Marmora and Aimable Pelissier fought together in a campaign in this region. A ´year later in this region, Pavel Liprandi's forces retreated, thinking that a large force lay behind ColinCampbell's 93rd Regiment, which had formed the "thin red line." The Siege of Sevastopol was interruptedby the Battle of Balaclava in an 1850s war named for this region.
Ptolemy
He also names a (+) list of ancient kings and their chronology that orders rulers between the Babylonian empire and the Roman empire.
Kenyatta
He also represented the Kikuyu tribe in testifying at the Carter Land Commission.
Nyerere
He negotiated with Richard Turnbull for independence before issuing the(*)) Arusha Declaration and merging his country with a nearby island
William the Silent
He started the Eighty Years' War
Kenyatta
His "wife of his old age", Ngina, became fabulously wealthy during his rule.
Kenyatta
His adopted name was a Kikuyu word for the belt that he wore, and he was succeeded as president by Daniel Arap Moi
Charlamagne
His court at Aachen [OCK-en] was the center of a domain that he passed on to his son, Louis the Pious.
Euler
His mathematical identity sets e to the i times pi equal to minus 1.
Mugabe
This leader's G-40-backed wife and a military-backed member of the ZANU both vied to succeed him as president after a 2017 coup.
Babur
In 1992, a mosque named for this ruler was destroyed by zealous members of the BJP. This ruler'sfather, Umar Mirza, died while tending pigeons on an ill-constructed dovecote [dev-coat] that fell into aravine. This man won the Battle of Khanwa against Rana Sigh two years after winning the First Battleof Panipat. This man's death in 1526 led to the ascension of his son, Humayun.
Australia
In 1622, John Brooke aboard the Tryall sighted Point Cloates on this island in 1622; the Tryall laterbecame the first shipwreck in this island's waters, near the Montebello Islands. One explorer suggestedthis island's Kurnell Peninsula as a settlement site, but the first settlers to try it gave up after a weekand moved to Port Jackson. Arthur Philip led 11 ships in the "First Fleet" to this island in 1787.
Hajj
In 1757, tens of thousands of people who had recently performed this action died when a group ledby Qa'dan al-Faiz raided their caravan. Unlike a similar action, this action must be done during Dhual-Hijjah. This action includes a series of rituals, including drinking from the Zamzam Well, the symbolicstoning of the devil, and circling the Kaaba seven times.
Kenyatta
In 1929, London's secretary of state for colonies refused to meet with this man to discuss European colonization of Africa
Cuba
In 1996, two civilian airplanes dispersing advocacy fliers over this country were shot down by aMiG-29, causing Madeline Albright to respond "This is not cojones [co-HO-nays], this is cowardice."Those planes belonged to Brothers to the Rescue, whose chief goal is to aid refugees from this country. Insummer 1980, citizens of this country fled it in a mass exodus called the Mariel Boatlift.
Mugabe
In 2000, he pressured Britain to pay land reparations to his country while forciblyremoving a white minority in his country from 10 million hectares of land.
Mugabe
In December 2014, this leader appointed a new vice president whom he said was there just so he could "give [him] work to do."
China
In the 1960's, math matician from this country proved the rem stating thatsufficiently large even numbers can either be written as the sum of two primes or primeand semiprime. In 2014, math matician born in this country won the MacArthur Awardfor establishing the first bound on (+) prime gaps. A theorem guaranteeing that a pair ofmodular congruence relations with coprime moduli will have solutions was discovered in thiscountry in the third century. (*) Pascal's triangle was discovered by mathematicians in this countrycenturies before Pascal's work.
Argentina
In this country in 2016, referee C´esar Flores was shot and killed on the pitch by a player he'd sentoff. A soccer club in this country plays home games in the La Bombonera; that team is the Boca Juniors.During a heated game in the 1986 World Cup, a midfielder who played for this country scored the "Handof God" goal, shortly followed by the "Goal of the Century."
Seven Years war
In this war, the French captured Minorca [min-OR-cuh], which was returned at its end.
Tang
It was interrupted by the Second Zhou [zhoe] Dynasty of Empress Wu, and it rose to power after the Sui [sway] dynasty.
Populist Party
James B. Weaver carried four states as this party's candidate for president.
Hijacking of flight 93
John Farmer exposed Billy Hutchinson's lies about being at this event. During this event, an ACARSmessage was sent reading "Plz confirm all is normal." Thomas Burnett ended a phone call during thisevent with "Don't worry, we're going to do something." This event concluded with Todd Beamer calling"Are you guys ready? Okay. Let's roll!" as recorded on a black box.
Jutland
John Jellicoe's victory over the Germans in the North Sea occurred in this 1916 battle, namedfor a Danish peninsula.
Mandela
Known for a time as the Black Pimpernel, he was put on trial at Rivona for his actions related to the Spear of the Nation movement, the military branch of his party.
Saladin
Led Muslim resistance to the Third Crusade after capturing Jerusalem in 1187?
Richard I
Led the Third Crusade as the King of England and won the Battle of Arsuf [ar-soof]?
Adali Stevenson
Lost the US Presidential election?
Shiloh
Major Union victory in Tennessee in which Garfield participated and Albert Sidney Johnston waskilled.
Doctors
Members of this profession used a technique popularized by Edward Jenner called inoculation.
Zouaves
Many photos and paintings of the Crimean War show these French regiments in theircharacteristic Algerian inspired uniforms of red trousers and hats.
Kenyatta
Nicknamed "Burning Spear," this student of Bronislaw Malinowski
Doctors
One man with this job encouraged the correspondence of the elderly Adams and Jefferson and was named Benjamin Rush.
Plato
One of this man's works presents four "affections" of the psyche using the Analogy of the Divided Line.
Macdonald
One man with this surname lost an election after suspending the trial of J.R. Campbellfor inciting mutiny in the newspaper Workers Weekly, and his re election campaign washurt by forged letter from Grigori Zinoviev encouraging Communist rebellion. Anotherman with this surname faced rebellion led by (+) Louis Riel in the Red River Colonyand lost power after his administration was accused of accepting bribes for the contract ofa (*) trans-Canadian railroad.
Gaddafi
One member of this family was caught doping and kicked off the soccer team Perugia after onegame.
George III
One of this king's cabinet ministers was wounded at Putney Heath after a duel.
Nyerere
Oscar Kambona was thought to be this man's most likely successor after he calmed an army mutiny that forced this man and his vice-president Rashid Kawawa into hiding.
WW1
Outrage over an attack on Belgium during this war was stirred by a postershowing a gorilla holding a half-naked woman with a caption reading "Destroy thisMad Brute." A poster that reads "Sow the Seeds of (+) Victory" encouraged thenewly developed practice of planting victory gardens during this war, which alsomarked the first appearance of James (*) Montgomery Flagg's posters depicting the line"I want you" under Uncle Sam. For ten points, name this war in which enlistment posters werepushed by the Wilson administration in the 1910s.
Dreyfus
Paul Painlev´e [pahn lev ay] supposedly compared Jean Racine to this man because bothmen's works "do not show the most prob ble distribution." Henri Poincare showed thatAlphonse Bertillon's statements about this man were based on (+) misunderstandings ofprobability. Georges Picquart showed that this man could not have written the "bordereau"discovered in Maximilian von (*) Schwartzkoppen's wastebasket.
Western Sahara
People from this region were killed at the Zemla Massacre during protests organizedby Harakat Tahrir. The only UN peacekeeping mission without a duty to report on humanrights operates in this phosphate-rich region. El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed founded this region's(+) Polisario Front, the recognized representative of its unrecognized Sahrawi ArabDemocratic Republic. Hassan II organized the Green March in this region in an attemptto gain control of it from (*) Spain.
Hagannah
Predecessor to the Israeli Defence Forces that served as a paramilitary organization in the war.
Industrial Revolution
Period of urban migration and swift technological improvement that began in Britain in the early19th century.
Safavid
Persian rival of the Mughals, located to the west. It was founded by Ismail I, a Shi'ite.
Battle of Bouvines (boo-veen)
Philip of Dreux captured William Longsword at this battle where Renald of Boulange was thelast to surrender. The shield of the Montmorency family has 16 eagles instead of 4 because Mathieu deMontmorency captured 12 banners at this battle. Ferrand of Flanders broke an alliance before this battle,which led to the overthrow of Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV by Frederick II. Shortly after this battle, thelosing king was forced to sign the Magna Carta. For the point, name this 1214 battle where Philip II ofFrance defeated John I of England.
Marx
Philosopher of labor who worked with Engels on the Communist Manifesto
Justinian the Great
Prince Xerxes defeated this man's forces at the Battle of Thannuris in the Iberian War.This man fought over the region of Lazica with Khosrau the Great, with whom he signedthe Treaty of Eternal Peace. During this man's reign, the (+) Blues and Greens began riotsover chariot races in the Nika Revolt. This Emperor's generals Narses and (*) Belisariusreconquered Italy from the Ostrogoths. For ten points, Theodora married which Byzantine Emperor whobuilt the Hagia Sophia and ordered the creation of a namesake law code?
Mendelssohn
Prussia's King Frederick William IV commissioned this man to write music for a play featuringthe song "Ye spotted snakes." Queen Victoria once claimed her favorite piece by this man was a songactually composed by his sister, Fanny. A visit to the ruins of Holyrood Chapel inspired this man's thirdsymphony, as well as his Hebrides Overture. The Scottish Symphony was composed by, for ten points,what composer whose music for A Midsummer Night's Dream features a famous "Wedding March?"
White Supremacy
Radio host Alan Berg was murdered by a group advocating this belief known as the Order. Executionsoccur during the "Day of the Rope" in a book that furthers this belief, written by William Luther Pierce;that book is The Turner Diaries, pages of which were found in the car of Timothy McVeigh upon hisarrest.
Kenyatta
Rawson Macharia once falsely claimed that this man had forced him to strip naked and drink human blood, leading to this man's imprisonment.
Kenyatta
Rawson Macharia testified that this leader required him to strip naked, walk through an arch of banana leaves seven times, and drink (*) blood during the administration of an oath.
Cape of the Needles
Real southern tip of Africa, roughly 100 miles southeast of the Cape of Good Hope.
Kenyatta
Recent evidence suggests that he ordered the death of cabinet minister C.M.G. Argwings-Kodhek.
Lepanto
Sebastiano Venier rose to prominence after this battle, where one side lost a force of irreplaceablecomposite archers. A bronze sculpture of Neptune was crafted to bear similarities to one admiral in thisbattle, which was preceded by the siege of Famagusta. The winning side formed wings flanking the flagshipReal [ray-AHL]. Andrea Doria and Miguel Cervantes fought in this battle, whose winning side was led byDon Juan of Austria.
Populist Party
Senators from this party included North Carolina's Marion Butler
Wilderness Road
Several workers hired to create this route were killed in a raid on Martin's Station. A notable portionof what would become this route was first crossed by a European after Gabriel Arthur was captured bythe Shawnee. Speculator Richard Henderson founded the Transylvania Company, which was tasked withcreating this route starting at Fort Chiswell. Farm supplies were brought to what became the future statesof Kentucky and Tennessee via, for ten points, what road that passed through the Cumberland Gap andwas blazed by Daniel Boone?
Guantanamera
Song inspired by Jose Marti [mar-TEE] that became the most famous patriotic song of Cuba?
Idi amin
Soon after, this man's country was where Nicholas Stroh and Robert Siedle were murdered after investigating the Mbarara barracks
Xhosa
South African tribe whose anti-colonial efforts were hurt by a cattle-killing movement led by theprophetess Nongqawuse.
Czechoslovakia
Soviet-aligned European nation that shipped arms to Israel in Operations Balak and Velvetta.
Warsaw Pact
Soviet-led counterpart of NATO, composed of Eastern Bloc countries
Great Zimbabwe
That gave its name to the country once called Rhodesia [roh-DEE-zhuh]?
Indian National Congress
That leader's successor, also from this party, declared a (+) state of emergency in 1975, after which this party lost an election to Morarji [more-are-jee] Desai's Janata Party
Mugabe
That war involving this man was effectively ended with the Lancaster House Agreement, and was called the Chimurenga, or Bush War.
Bayeux Tapestry
The Battle of Hastings is recorded in this work of art, which depicts Harold Godwinson being felled by an arrow to his eye.
Haymarket Riot
The Knights of Labor declined in influence after this event, which occurred following an unsuccessful strike at the McCormick Harvesting Company
Mobuto
The Manifesto of N'Sele pronounced the anti-party stance of his Popular Movement of the Revolution, and he was aided by the Safari Club during two uprisings in the Shaba province.
Medina
The Qaynuqa [kay-NOOK-uh] were expelled from this city after a jeweler began a feud by inadvertently stripping off a woman's dress.
Missississippi River
The Scottish financier John Law advertised land claims along this river, triggering a bubble namedafter this river in the French court. A Native American culture named for this river constructed themounds at Cahokia. Robert de La Salle claimed the entirety of this river's basin for France, and itsnorthern reaches were explored by Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet. The French territory of Louisianawas centered around, for ten points, what river that empties into the Gulf of Mexico near New Orleans?
Arrow
The Second Opium War was triggered by the boarding of this British cargo ship anchored in theCanton harbor by Chinese soldiers, which violated the 1842 Treaty of Nanjing
Kenyatta
The Shifta War was a revolt against this man's government after he signed a Mutual Defense Treaty with Haile Selassie.
Enigma
The addition of a fourth (+) rotor was a major setback for this project.
films
The Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional to censor these things because they were deemedsacrilegious in Joseph Burstyn v. Wilson. In 1948, the "Big Five" was stopped from block booking thesethings. Marvin Miller's advertising of books and these things led the Supreme Court to create a newthree-prong standard for defining obscenity. The Citizens United case was initially inspired by one of theseworks about Hillary Clinton. The Hays Code restricted the moral character of, for the point, what formof entertainment produced by Warner Brothers and MGM?
An lushan
The Tang [tong] dynasty faced this rebellion, led by a namesake general, who established the Yan dynasty.
Mexico City
The Ten Tragic Days ended with Francisco Madero's [MUH-dare-oze] assassination in this city
Weed
The U.S. House of Representatives passed a 2014 bill that prevented welfare funds going to states that defy the FDA and DEA and have legalized this substance.
algeria
The anti-colonialist Henry Curiel aided this country's independence movement in the Jeansonnetwork. Another country's Foreign Affairs Secretary, Alain Savary, resigned after an eventual ruler ofthis country, Ahmed Ben Bella, was arrested in 1956. Fighting in this country, which fought the Sand Warwith Morocco, caused the Harkis and Pied Noirs [peed-nwah] to flee to Europe. The Evian Accords endeda war of independence in, for the point, what former colonial holding of France in North Africa?
Christopher Marlowe
The assassin Lightborn kills the title character of a play by this man that opens with the recall of that king's favorite, (+) Piers Gaveston, from exile
Euler
The base of the natural logarithm, e, is named for this blind Swiss mathematician.
Haiti
The cultivation of this colony's most prominent crop first started on its L´eogane [layoh-gahn] plain, then moved to Cul-de-Sac after soil exhaustion. Vincent Og´e [oh-zhay] ledan insurgency demanding black suffrage outside of this colony's city of (+) Le Cap, whichbecame the capital for a breakaway kingdom in this colony founded by Henri Christophe.Charles Leclerc's failed invasion of this former colony tried to restore its control to (*)Napoleon, who had earlier captured the man who wrote its first constitution.
Idi amin
The current president of this leader's country joined an abortive attempt to overthrow him at Mbarara barracks.
Mansa Musa
The cut-stone Hall of Audience was commissioned by this ruler, who ascended to the throne after hispredecessor disappeared on a voyage to explore the limits of the Atlantic Ocean. This ruler invited AliKolon to his court after conquering his homeland with the help of his general, Sagmandia. Andalusianarchitects were hired by this man to build the Djinguereber [jin guh rey ber] Mosque in Timbuktu.
Teapot Dome Scandal
The expansion of Three Rivers Ranch was investigated as part of this event. Thomas Walsh's lackof seniority left him saddled with investigating this event. As a result of this event, Congress gained thepower to compel testimony in McGrain v. Daughtery. Edward Doheny contributed to this scandal byacquiring a lease on Elk Hills in order bolster his petroleum company. Leases of Navy oil fields were thesubject of, for ten points, what scandal that rocked the Harding administration?
Athens
The explosion of an Ottoman munitions dump damaged this city's most famous landmark, from which a set of marble sculptures were removed by Lord Elgin
Churchill
The failure of the Gallipoli Campaign tarnished the early career of this orator who capped off his best speeches with phrases like "blood, toil, tears, and sweat" and "this was their finest hour."
press secretary
The first female holder of this position wrote about her experiences in her book Why WomenShould Rule The World. Dee Dee Myers held this post under Bill Clinton. This position was revampedunder FDR by the grandson of a Confederate general, Stephen Early. A 1993 bill requiring backgroundchecks for firearm purchases is named after a holder of this position who was severely injured during theassassination attempt on Ronald Reagan. James Brady held, for the point, what position that managesbriefings to White House media?
Second Boer war
The government that started this war was re-elected when Lord Salisbury triumphed in the Khaki Election
2008 Recession
The immediate cause of this event was the collapse of Lehman Brothers.
machetes
The knife-like weapons with a Spanish name used by revolutionaries under Carlos Cespedes?
Idi amin
The memoir A State of Blood was written by this man's former minister Henry Kyemba
Samurai
The military class banned from carrying swords and then abolished during modernization?
Mandela
The military organization he co-founded, whose name is translated as "Spear of the Nation," became the military wing of his political party.
Medina
This city also known as Yathrib [yuh-THREEB] defended itself at the Battle of the Trench from the neighboring Quraysh [koo-RYESH] tribe, who pursued a man who fled here in 622 CE during the Hijra.
Omaha beach
The most heavily defended beach on D-Day, named after the largest city in Nebraska?
Luxor
The obelisk in the Place de la Concorde was from this larger modern Egyptian city that containsthe remains of several temples at Karnak and Thebes.
Mobuto
The only legal party during his regime was the Popular Movement of the Revolution, or the MPR.
Overlord
The operational code name of D-Day?
Fredrick Douglass
This man delivered a speech that calls for "scorching irony," in which the answer to the title question is "a day that reveals gross injustice and cruelty."
Decembrist Revolt
The rebels in this 1825 uprising after the death of Alexander chanted "Constantine andConstitution!", but were suppressed by Nicholas I
Normandy
The region of France that contains all five invasion beaches?
Athens
The royal stoa [STOH-uh] of Attalos [uh-TALL-ohs] is found in this city.
the mind
The term "qualia" [kwa-lee-ah] refers to instances of conscious experience within this entity.
Thrilla in Manilla
The wife of one partic pant in this event was enraged to see publicity photos showing themistress Veronica Porch´e. Eddie Futch told Carlos Padilla to end this event, whose eventualwinner claimed he lost five pounds of weight during it. The (+) "rope-a-dope" strategy wasineffective early in this event, which took place in oppressively hot and humid conditions.The winner had angered the loser in pre-fight banter by calling him "The (*) Gorilla".
Battle of Varna
The winning commander in this battle had been called out of retirement to fight byCandarli Halil. The idea that it was lawful to break treaties with heretics helped JulianCesarini convince one side to fight this battle. Ladislaus the (+) Posthumous ascendedto the throne following this battle that was preceded by the violation of the Peace of (*)Szeged, and Wladyslaw III of Poland was killed in this battle. This battle was the culmination of the LongCampaign.
Chariot Races
These events, which were attended by groups such as the Blues, Greens, and Whites, were the origin of the Nika [NEEK-uh] Riots against (*) Justinian.
Ninja
These figures were alleged to have been able to walk on water with a type of wooden shoe calledthe "water spider." One of these figures replicated the enemy's crest on the lanterns of his troops to gainentrance into that enemy's army. A famous person of this type nicknamed "Devil" led his lord to safetythrough Iga province. Hattori Hanzo was a member of this profession, also known as shinobi, who servedTokugawa Ieyasu.
Chariot Races
They were held at the Hippodrome in Constantinople and the Circus Maximus in Rome
Gaza
Thin piece of land in southwest Israel captured by the Egyptians
Poland
This country's Gdansk [guh-DONSK] Shipyards were where an electrician founded the trade union Solidarity
Poland
This country's flag emerges from the "N" in the iconic blood-red logo of one of its protest movements, which forced its government to agree to the Round Table Talks.
Feynman
This thinker's theory of partons enraged his rival, Murray Gell-Mann. This scientistfrequently borrowed the car of Klaus Fuchs [fooks] before Fuchs was discovered to be aSoviet spy. This scientist's "There's (+) Plenty of Room at the Bottom" is now consideredone of the first conceptions of nanotechnology. While serving on the Rogers Commission,this scientist used a glass of (*) ice water to demonstrate the susceptibility of O-rings to freezingtemperatures, helping explain the Challenger disaster. The behavior of subatomic particles is describedon diagrams named for, for ten points, what physicist and lecturer?
The London Eye
This tourist attraction on the south bank of the Thames was built in 2000 and was the subjectof a rent dispute in 2005, which mayor Livingstone helped resolve.
First Persian Gulf War
This war included the Battle of Norfolk, a tank battle fought the day after the Battle of 73 Easting.The health effects of this conflict were investigated in the Riegle Report, which concluded that soldierswere exposed to chemical weapons. A stretch of road in this conflict was named the "Highway of Death,"as many soldiers were killed trying to retreat to the Euphrates.
English civil war
This war's outcome was decided at the Battle of Naseby, where the "Oxford Army" was smashed by the (*) Roundhead cavalry of the New Model Army.
Alberta
Trudeau's National Energy Program proved deeply unpopular in this western province, wherelarge oil deposits are found in the Athabasca oil sands.
Arthur
Vice President who succeeded Garfield.
Knights Templar
Was a military monastic order founded in 1119 and named after a prominent Jerusalem site?
Nasser
Weeping protesters told this man that "we are your soldiers" after he attempted to resign in the June 9 speech.
nucleus
Weizsacker's formula is used to approximate the mass of this structure, whose liquid drop modelwas proposed by George Gamow. Ernest Marsden and Hans Geiger conducted a 1911 experiment thatdiscovered this structure; that experiment involved firing alpha particles at a sheet of gold foil andis usually named for its advisor, Ernest Rutherford. The plum puding model was discarded after thediscovery of, for the point, what structure found in the center of atoms, composed of protons and neutrons?
Lexington and Concord
Were the two Massachusetts towns where the war started?
Pocohontas
What daughter of Powhatan took the name Rebecca after converting to Christianity andmarrying John Rolfe?
Sea People
What group of rampaging Mediterraneans were beaten down by Ramesses III at theBattle of the Delta in the 12th century BC?
Algerian War of Independence
When an author was asked about terrorist attacks during this conflict, he responded "between justiceand my mother, I choose my mother." Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth discusses patients whosuffered trauma during this conflict. The Organisation Arm´ee Secr´ete bombed Jean-Paul Sartre's housefor supporting a side in this conflict.
A-wing interceptors
When he died, Arvel Crynyd [are-VELL CRIH-nid] was piloting one of what class of extremely fast fighters, which comprised Green Squadron at Endor?
Nyerere
William Edgett Smith wrote a biography of this man titled We Must Run While They Walk
Hastings
William Malet was one of the 15 "proven companions" of the victor of this battle.Henry of Huntington describes how men on the winning side were trampled aftercharging into a feature later called the (+) "Evil Ditch." Orderic Vitalis is a majorsource for information on this battle, whose losing commander positioned his troopson Senlac Hill. Bishop Odo commissioned an (*) embroidery that ends with depictions ofthis battle. The Bayeux Tapestry depicts, for ten points, what victory for William the Conquerorin 1066?
Sinking of the Lusitania
William Thomas Turner attempted to prevent this disaster, which occurred near the Old Head ofKinsale. The Cunard Company was prosecuted for its negligence surrounding this event, since it failed toreveal that munitions had been placed in storage. William Jennings Bryan resigned as Secretary of Statebecause he felt Woodrow Wilson was too strong-handed in his reaction to, for ten points, what 1915 eventin which a British ocean liner was torpedoed by a German U-boat?
Mandela
With Oliver Tambo, this man established the first black legal practice in his country.
Mandela
With Oliver Tambo, this man led the 1952 Defiance Campaign.
Mandela
With Oliver Tambo, this man opened the first black-run legal practice in his country.
Famine
disaster that caused three million deaths in 1943, studied by economist Amartya Sen
Uruguay
nation whose capital city, Montevideo, hosted the first FIFA World Cup.
Mandela
prisoner number 46664
Nasser
succeeded by Anwar Sadat.
Nyerere
ujamaa
India
world's second most populous country home to the state of West Bengal?
schism
The Council of Constance ended one of these events where the papacy moved to Avignon [avv-een-yawn], while another separated the Catholic and Orthodox Churches
Peru
One writer from this country who was stabbed to death by a mentally deranged manwrote the poetry collection Alma America. One writer from this country called Mexico a"perfect dictatorship," and wrote a novel in which a writer at (+) Radio Panamericanahas an affair with an older woman. A novel set in this country ends with the burning atthe stake of Brother Juniper, who had earlier witnessed a rope bridge collapse.
Stroessner
Operation Condor was supported by this long time dictator of Paraguay, who renamed Ciudaddel Este in his own honor.
Nyerere
Operation Dodoma was a response to one of his plans, who claimed "the poor man does not use a weapon" as part of his socialist plan.
schism
The Council of Florence attempted to mediate one of these events in which Humbert and Michael Cerularius [SIR-yoo-LAIR-ee-us] excommunicated each other.
Barbarossa
Operation in which Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union.
Oppenhiemer
Opponents of this man argued that his politics had been influenced by his affair with JeanTatlock. This man, whose loyalty was questioned by the Borden Letter, was approached by aliterature professor with (+) Soviet ties in the Chevalier Incident. This man's Q-Clearancewas revoked just one day before it was to expire as the result of a (*) 1954 security hearing.
Spain
The Duke of Wellington defeated French forces in this nation with help from irregulars who launched a "little war" that is the origin of the word (*) "guerrilla."
Nehru
The Fazal Ali commission was created by this man to reorganize states. This man used the ForwardPolicy to fight China over the Line of Actual Control. V. K. Menon served as this man's secretary ofdefense before resigning after the 1962 Sino-Indian War. In one speech, this man declared "the light hasgone out of our lives" after the assassination of his mentor; in another speech, he discussed a "Tryst withDestiny." Indira Gandhi was the daughter of, for ten points, what first prime minister of India?
Aqueduct
The Gallic Pont du Gard was an example of what type of Roman structure that serviced Nimes[neem]?
Sharpeville Massacre
Panicked police officers fired their weapons during this event, probably because of an earlier incidentin which nine constables died at Cato Manor. UN Resolution 134 was passed after this event, whichconstituted "gross human rights violations" according to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.Umkhonto we Sizwe, the military wing of the ANC, was founded in the wake of this event, which occurredafter Hendrik Verwoerd expanded apartheid policies.
Sharpeville Massacre
Panicked police officers fired their weapons during this event, probably because of an earlier incidentin which nine constables died at Cato Manor. UN Resolution 134 was passed after this event, whichconstituted "gross human rights violations" according to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.Umkhonto we Sizwe, the military wing of the ANC, was founded in the wake of this event, which occurredafter Hendrik Verwoerd expanded apartheid policies. Protesters against the Pass Laws were shot in, forten points, what 1960 massacre in what is now Gauteng in South Africa?
Chinese
The Geary Act required people of this ethnicity to carry internal passports. Workers of this ethnicitywere killed in the Rock Springs Massacre, primarily by members of the Knights of Labor, and wereopposed by Denis Kearney's Workingmen's Party. Reneging on the Burlingame Treaty allowed the US toforbid immigration from these people's home country, which was done in 1882. For the point, name thisethnicity, the subject of a namesake Exclusion Act, whose workers were exploited in building the Pacificend of the transcontinental railroad.
Chariot races
Participants in these events would make offerings to the minor deity Taraxippus. The quadriga wasoften used in these events, one of which instigated a civil disturbance between factions nicknamed theBlues and the Greens. The Nika Riots were spurred by controversy surrounding these events, which wereheld in Constantinople's Hippodrome. The Circus Maximus in Rome hosted, for the point, what events inwhich ancient competitors completed laps in horse-drawn vehicles?
Herder
Philosopher who proposed a concept of Volksgeist to explain what he theorized was the Germannation.
Zamzam
Pilgrims on the Hajj drink water from this sacred source, which was revealed by god to Hagarand her son Ishmael as they were dying of thirst in the desert.
Crossing the T
The Georgios Averof managed to perform this action during the Battle of Elli. This devastating featwas most recently carried out by Jesse Oldendorf against the enemy line during the Battle of SurigaoStrait. Zinovy Rozhestvensky was decisively defeated by a performance of this action that relied onwireless telegraphy to coordinate Admiral Togo's orders. During the Battle of Tsushima Strait, theJapanese fleet was twice able to pull off, for ten points, what now-obsolete naval maneuver, performed bytraveling perpendicular to a line of enemy ships?
Ulster
The Glorious Revolution is annually celebrated by Protestants on July 12th in a holidayoriginating in this Irish province. The six counties of Northern Ireland make up two-thirds of this historicalprovince.
Adi Granth
The Golden Temple contains what original text written by Guru Arjan, which is regarded bySikhs to be both the Sikh holy book and the last and everlasting guru?
Hundred Flowers
The Great Leap Forward ran concurrently with this other program, in which Mao Zedong invitedothers to criticize his policies. Later, he abruptly turned course and jailed the "rightist" dissidents.
Shona People
The Great Zimbabwe ruins include artifacts of the these people's trading system, which extendedto the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers.
Katrina
The Gretna [GRET-nuh] City police forcibly expelled survivors of this event seeking help and after it, FEMA chief Michael Brown was criticized for his agency's inaction.
Lusiads
Portuguese epic poem that celebrated the the first voyage to India around the Cape.
Dias
Portuguese explorer who was the first European to round the Cape, dying off its coast in 1500
Rhodes
Princes Catherine Radziwill stalked this man and accused him of loan fraud. The Pioneer FruitGrowing company was financed by this man, whose silent partner Alfred Beit helped remove competitionwith Barney Barnato in a separate business venture. The Glen Gray Act forcing Africans off their landwas introduced by this man, who was depicted in Punch magazine as a colossus. This man, who resignedafter the Jameson Raid, co-founded the De Beers mining company. For ten points, name this Britishbusinessman who funded a namesake scholarship to Oxford.
Dewey defeats truman
Prior to coining this three-word phrase, the organization that developed it controversially referred toone of its subjects as a "nincompoop." An iconic image displaying this phrase shows a man traveling bytrain from Independence, Missouri to Washington DC. A forecast by Arthur Sears Henning inspired thisphrase, a prediction made after polls indicated a Democratic defeat in the 1948 election. For ten points,name this false headline published by the Chicago Daily Tribune.
U.S. Navy
Prior to defecting to the Confederacy, Franklin Buchanan was the first superintendent of thisinstitution's academy. George Bancroft founded the training center for this military force. Two rivalmembers of this force dueled in 1820, with James Barron killing Stephen Decatur. Another early leaderof this force, John Paul Jones, led the Bon Homme Richard when he declared "I have not yet begun tofight!" For ten points, name this military force whose academy is based in Annapolis, Maryland on theChesapeake Bay
Mandela released from prison
Prior to the occurrence of this event, the first photograph of its central figure in 20 years was released, which showed this event's central participant together with F.W. de Klerk.
Zama
Prior to this battle, Tychaeus's cavalry provided reinforcements, but fled during the fighting. Abloody stalemate at this battle was broken by the return of forces under Gaius Laelius and Masinissa.The victor's plans for this battle were opposed in the Senate by Fabius Maximus. The loser had earlierdefeated Gaius Flaminius at Trasimene and Paullus and Varro at Cannae.
Andrea Doria
The Italian ocean liner that sank off the coast of Massachusetts, killing 46 people?
Songhai Empire
The Karta of Kabi revolted against a ruler of this state whose doom was spelled by thedeath of his general, Kanfari Omar. The Tarikh al-Fattash and the Tarikh al-Sudan are themain sources of this state's history, which includes its victory in the Battle of (+) Anfaoand its succession by the Dendi Kingdom after Ahmad al-Mansur defeated it in the Battleof Tondibi. The greatest ruler of this empire had a spiky (*) pyramid for a tomb, and thisempire was founded in Sunni Ali's revolt out of Gao.
Mazzini
Prominent Risorgimento leader who founded the Young Italy movement.
Thailand
Protesters in this country adopted a salute from the The Hunger Games, then switched to handingout "sandwiches for democracy." Ten politicians in this country were removed from office over removingan officer from the National Security Council. The National Council for Peace and Order currently leadsthis country, where a 2014 coup led to the rise of Prayut Chan-o-cha.
Kenya
The Mackinnon-Sclater Road spanned this country and was replaced in the early 20th century bya railway described as the "Lunatic Line." This country's city of Port Florence was developed as thewestern terminus of that railway; the city is now named Kisumu. The construction of a bridge for thatrailway over this country's Tsavo River was plagued by a pair of man-eating lions that killed dozens ofworkers.
ASEAN
Regional organisation that Singapore helped found in 1967. Its ten member states include Laos,Brunei, and Thailand.
Che guevara
Regis Debray formulated the idea of foco based on the experiences of this man. This man's admirationfor Patrice Lumumba led him to assist Laurent-Desire Kabila in the Simba Rebellion. Alberto Kortacaptured the most famous image of this man during a memorial service for the La Coubre explosion. Afterthe failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion, this man wrote a thank you letter to John F. Kennedy.
Senegal
The Medusa was wrecked while heading to this country's former colonial capital ofSaint-Louis, one of this country's Four Communes that were granted nationality by a lawnamed for Blaise Diagne, who was from this country. Another of this country's communes,the island of Gor´ee, was dominated by mixed race, property owning women known as (+)signares. One politician from this country authored poetry like his Chants d'ombre as partof a movement he founded with Aim´e Cesaire. That first president of this country led the(*) Negritude movement.
oil
Resource for which the Germans targeted Baku to control the Caspian Sea.
Chile
Ricardo Trumbull, an agent from this country, was dispatched to purchase rifles that were movedfrom the schooner Robert and Minnie to the steamship Itata. An incident between these two countriesbegan after a person spat on a picture of Arturo Prat. Two American sailors were stabbed in front of theTrue Blue Saloon in this country in 1891.
Weed
Rick Steves argued that many current laws about this substance affect "people who are arrested and cited, who are poor," not "rich white guys" who enjoy it.
lincoln
Robert Church Jr. founded a league named after this man that paid poll taxes to promoteAfrican-American voter turnout in the South. Moe Fishman was a member and representative of a groupnamed after this person that sustained heavy casualties at the Battles of Jarama [ha-ra-ma] and Brunete.The village of Lancaster was renamed after this person as part of an effort to move a state capital southof the Platte River. A brigade of international volunteers in the Spanish Civil War was named after, forthe point, what namesake of Nebraska's capital city?
Kansas
Ron Walters led the push to desegregate this state's Dockum Drug Store lunch counters in 1958. Inthe 1850s, Benjamin Singleton helped make this state's community of Nicodemus and the surroundingarea become the destination of many newly freed African American migrants called Exodusters. In the1950s, 13 families in this state's capital city sued to be allowed to attend Sumner Elementary and otherschools. For ten points, name this state where Oliver Brown and others sued the Board of Education ofTopeka.
My lai
Ronald Ridenhour exposed this event in a damning letter to Congress, while Seymour Hersh wasthe first reporter to break this story. Ernest Medina was told to kill everything "walking, crawling, orgrowling" during this event, which was mitigated by interventions from Hugh Thompson's helicopter crew.This war crime was carried out by Charlie Company in the hamlets surrounding Son My [son mee].
Smenkhare
Ruler who briefly succeeded Akhenaten, but who may actually just have been Nefertiti disguised as aman.
Dujail Massacre
Saddam Hussein's trial essentially ignored the Halabja gas attack and primarily focused on thiswar crime, his execution of 148 Shiites involved in the aforementioned 1982 assassination attempt. Thismassacre is named for the Shiite town where that attempt took place.
Seven Years War
Saltykov [SALT-yuh-koff] and Loudon [loo-dohn] dealt a heavy loss to the Prussians at Kunersdorf [KOON-urs-dorf] in this war in which Rossbach [ROSS-bock] and Leuthen [LOY-tunn] were sites of victories by Frederick the Great
Ezeiza
The Montoneros were attacked at this airport in 1973; more than a dozen people died in themassacre.
Kwame Nkrumah
The National Liberation Council overthrew this leader, replacing him with Joseph Ankrah
Kwame Nkrumah
The National Liberation Council overthrew this man while he was on a state visit to Beijing in 1966.
Hell
The New Testament repeatedly refers to its inhabitants "weeping and gnashing" their (*) teeth.
Tanzimat
The Ottoman Empire had earlier attempted to curb its decline with this series of reforms thatremoved the millet system. This term literally means "reorganization."
Topkapi Palace
The Ottoman harem was located in this palace, the main residence of the Ottoman sultans untilthe 17th century. It was built by Mehmed II.
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
The Panjshir valley was captured early on in this war. This war was preceded by Operation Storm-333,which replaced Hafizullah Amin with Babrak Karmal. It was prompted by the deterioration of relationswith Nur Muhammed Taraki, who had seized power in the Saur Revolution. This conflict was opposed byOperation Cyclone, in which Stinger missiles were given to mujahideen warriors by CIA operatives.
Brazil
The Piraha people are found in this country's largest state, whose capital Manaus [muh-NOUSE] is on the banks of the Rio Negro [NEH-GROW] and the Amazon.
Mobuto
The Popular Movement of the Revolution promulgated this man's doctrine of "nationalism", "revolution", and "authenticity" in the Manifesto of N'Sele.
Weyler
The Spanish general nicknamed "the Butcher" for his brutality?
Idi amin
The State Research Bureau in Nakasero became a hub for tortures and executions in this man's regime.
Gulags
The Suka Wars were fought throughout these locations. During a 1953 incident, JanisMendriks was killed when soldiers fired into a crowd at one of these institutions. NaftalyFrenkel established a system of (+) rations used at these locations. According to AnneApplebaum, two people who escaped one of these institutions invited a chef along withthem so he could be used as food. The first one of these locations opened in 1921 on the(*) Solovetsky Islands.
Nagasaki
The Twenty-Six Martyrs were crucified in this city in 1597 for being Christians. The fan-shaped islandof Dejima in this city's harbor was the only trading post where foreigners could trade during the sakokuperiod. Kokura was the original target for one attack on this city, but cloud cover led to this city beingtargeted instead. Charles Sweeney commanded the B-29 Superfortress Bockscar that devastated this cityon August 9, 1945.
Virginius Affair
The U.S. ship sending weapons to Cuba that was seized, leading to a namesake affair?
101st airborn
The US Army division nicknamed the "Screaming Eagles" who paradropped behind German lines on D-Day?
Decembrist
The actions of this movement marked the difference between the "people of wine" and "peopleof vinegar" according to Yury Tynyanov. The Union of Salvation was an precursor organization to thismovement, which used the slogan "Konstantin and Constitution." Members of this movement were exiledto Siberia after their failed attempt to depose the successor of Alexander I, Nicholas I. For the point,name this movement of reformist Russian officers who executed a failed conspiracy in winter 1825.
Diadochi
The aforementioned Antiochus II Theos was descended from Seleuceus I Nicator, one of the thisgroup of generals, who fought a series of succession wars over Persia after the death of Alexander theGreat.
Hawaii
Sugar production in this state was controlled by an oligopoly nicknamed the BigFive. Thalia Massie was raped in this state, after which her family members murdereda local boxer in retribution. During a battle in this state, (+) Chuichi Nagumocontroversially did not order a third aerial strike. Japanese Internment in this statewas limited, as (*) one-third of its population in 1940 was Japanese. America entered WorldWar II after a Japanese sneak attack on, for ten points, what state's port of Pearl Harbor?
Galacia
Santiago de Compostela is the capital of which other northern Spanish autonomous community, home to a language more closely related to Portuguese than Spanish?
ww2
"Bill 80" provided for raising troops during this war. Troops called up by the NRMA in this warwho refused active duty service were derisively nicknamed "zombies." Maurice Duplessis lost a provincialelection on a platform of opposing this war, which caused the second of two major conscription crises inCandian history. Mackenzie King's third term as prime minister included the duration of this war. For thepoint, name this war during which Canadian troops captured Juno Beach on D-Day.
Kansas
"Bleeding" state where Border Ruffians engaged in violence over popular sovereignty
Beccaria
"On Crimes and Punishments" was written by this Milanese jurist and founder of the Academyof Fists, often considered the founder of modern criminal justice.
Cordoba
"The Shining City" was a palace built for a leader of this state. Muhammad al-Mahdiordered the assassination of a leader of this state after that leader decided to attack AlfonsoV. This state's technological advances included the importation of (+) toothpaste anddeodorant from Baghdad. This state was briefly ruled by the Hammudid Dynasty, and afterthe assassination Abd al-Rahman Sanchuelo, it saw the Fitna of (*) al-Andalus. After 1031,this state split into many taifa, including one at Zaragoza. Hisham II led this state, and his chamberlainAlmanzor later took power.
Soviet Union
(1) Communist country that launched an invasion of Afghanistan in 1979.
Berlin Conference
(2) 1884 conference that determined the rules for European colonization of Africa.
Taj Mahal
(2) Mausoleum built by Mughal ruler Shah Jahan for his wife Mumtaz at Agra.
United States
(2) Nation that invaded Afghanistan in 2001 in an attempt to find Osama bin Laden.
Chandragupta Maurya
) This ruler was once licked awake by a lion after an encounter with another conqueror at Taxila, whichwas interpreted as a sign that he would one day be king. Megasthenes visited the empire of this ruler,whose war elephants at the Battle of Ipsus led to the victory of Seleucus. This ruler's advisor Chanakyawrote the Arthashastra. This ruler's son Bindusara inherited his empire, which was founded after hisdefeat of the Nanda Empire.
Battle of Kadesh
1274 BC battle against the Hittites, the largest chariot battle in history.
Mauro
15th century Italian cartographer whose landmark circular world map which uses "Cape Diab" as thename for the Cape.
XYZ Affair
1797 incident in which bribes were demanded of three American diplomats.
Rum Rebellion
1808 rebellion, the only successful armed revolution in Australia, that deposed William Bligh.
Congress of Vienna
1814 conference that resulted in the division of Italy into independent states, eventually promptingthe Risorgimento movement.
higher law
1850 speech given on the floor of the Senate by William Seward that fiercely decried slavery.
Seneca
: A probably-innocent victim of the Pisonian conspiracy was this author of "On Mercy" and "Onthe Supreme Good," a philosopher and tutor of Nero.
Thurmond
: Bayard Rustin's role in leading the 1963 March on Washington was initially controversial withinthe civil rights movement due to his homosexuality, but when this southern Senator attacked Rustin forbeing a homosexual communist draft dodger, the movement rallied against this man and around Rustin.In 1948, this third party candidate for President ran on a segregationist platform.
Join or Die
: In 1754, Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette published this political cartoon advocating for colonialunity. This cartoon identifies eight regions, including New England but not Georgia, as segments of a cutsnake.
Chess
Sofonisba Anguissola painted a young girl raising her left arm while playing this game with hersisters. Several versions of the Shahnama illustrate the story of Burzhmir's introduction of this game toIran from India. A set of equipment for playing this game thought to be made in Trondheim was found in1831 in the Hebrides on the island of Lewis; that set of ivory figurines uses red and white, rather than thetraditional black and white.
Harbin
: The Japanese carried out chemical warfare research in Unit 731, which was based in this largestcity of Manchukuo
Habre
: This President of Chad was aided by French forces and covert CIA aid during the Toyota War.He was deposed in 1990 and convicted for over 40,000 murders in 2016.
Thucydides
: This historian included an account of an unsuccessful diplomatic negotiation between emissariesof Athens and Melos in his History of the Peloponnesian War.
Tshombe
: This leader of Katanga was present for Lumumba's execution. In 1965, Mobutu Sese Sekoaccused this man of treason, causing his exile to Spain; two years later while returning to Africa, his planewas hijacked and he was imprisoned.
NYPD
Some members of this organization were characterized as either "Grass Eaters" or "Meat Eaters" by the Knapp Commission, which looked into corruption charges against this organization by Frank Serpico
Freemasons
Some of Jean Sibelius's final works were written for this institution, including an opus 113 suite andan arrangement of Finlandia with new lyrics. Three basset horns are included in the score for a piece of"funeral music" written for this organization. A member of this organization, Emmanuel Schikaneder,wrote the libretto for an opera featuring the Queen of the Night and the bird-catcher Papageno. Thecomposer of The Magic Flute, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was a member of the Beneficience Lodge of,for ten points, what Enlightenment-inspired fraternal organization?
Risk
A cartoonish video game based on this board game includes a faction of cats led by GeneralissimoMeow. In 1957, filmmaker Albert Lamorisse invented this boardgame, whose 1999 Napoleon-themededition added fortresses. Italy and Spain are among the neutral zones in the "Castle" edition of this boardgame. Players can roll up to three red dice to start an attack in this game.
Gunter Grass
A character created by this author is nicknamed "We don't do that" after he is punished for refusingto carry a rifle in a parade. This author devoted one chapter to each of 100 years in his book My Century.This author, who admitted to being a member of the Waffen-SS in his memoir Peeling the Onion, wrote anovel in which Oskar Matzerath refuses to grow past the age of three. For ten points, name this Germanauthor of The Tin Drum.
Hell
A depiction of this place in the parekklesion [pare-uh-KLEE-see-onn] of the Chora [CHOH-ruh] Church features Jesus holding the hands of Adam and Eve
Mandela
A deputy president of his party under Chief Albert Luthuli, he admired Zachariah Matthews.
Nyerere
A document stating this leader's policies declared that "a poor man does not use money as a weapon."
2016 Brussels Bombing
A former Permanent Representative to the United Nations named Andr´e Adam was among thefatalities in this event. Two of this event's perpetrators had been released from prison early underthe Lejeune law. Three separate attacks were carried out as part of this event, two of which occurredin Zaventem Airport and one in the Maalbeek metro station. Ibrahim El Bakraoui was among theperpetrators of this event, which occurred four months after a similar event in Paris for which ISIS alsoclaimed responsibility.
Iran-Contra Affair
The "Private Blank Check" system was used in this event. Lanny Davis called indictments for thisevent as "bizarre" due to its close proximity to an election. Lawrence Walsh was made independent counselto investigate this event, which involved Manucher Ghorbanifar and other dealers, as well as the releaseof Reverend Benjamin Weir from Lebanon. This event was blamed on the President's "lax managerialstyle," according to a commission led by former Texas Senator John Tower.
Oklahoma
A governor of this state was criticized for her role in the botched execution of Clayton Lockett.In 2015, a senator from this state threw a snowball on the floor of the Senate to mock the conceptof climate change. Mary Fallin and Jim Inhofe are politicians from this state, whose former AttorneyGeneral proposed a public televised debate between researchers on climate science as part of his work asAdministrator of the EPA. For the point, name this home state of Scott Pruitt.
Algebra
The "new" version of this study was pioneered by a man who humiliated Adriaan van Roomen ina problem-solving challenge, Franciscus Vieta. The earliest instance of this discipline was found on theStrassburg tablet. Jean-Robert Argand published the first rigorous proof for the fundamental theoremof this discipline in 1814. This discipline's name was coined by a scholar in the House of Wisdom,al-Khwarizmi.
Zoroastrianism
The 10th century Denkard compendium lists customs of this religion. Invocations to Apas and Zam,or water and earth, are collected in this religion's Vendidad. This religion holds that the forces of asha anddruj work against each other and that souls must cross the Chinvat Bridge for judgment. The legendaryking Vishtaspa was the first adherent of this religion, whose worshipers gather in fire temples.
Battle of the Pyramids
The Battle of the Nile was preceded by this land battle where Napoleon used squares to thwartOttoman Mamluk cavalry. At this battle, Napoleon told his men that "40 centuries of history look downupon you."
Percy Hobart
The British namesake of modified tanks known as "funnies" used during the invasion?
Germany
A group of scientists in this country formed the VfR, a "Society for Space Travel," after consultingon the film The Woman in the Moon. The Farm Hill transcripts detail conversations between ten nuclearphysicists from this country who were detained in England. This country's Uranium Club included a manwho stated an Uncertainty Principle. Werner Heisenberg was born in, for the point, what country in whichPhilip Lenard led the Aryan Physics movement?
Ford
A group of young workers in this company nicknamed the Whiz Kids included Robert (+) McNamara.
Chicago
A group rioted in this city with the slogan "bring the war home" during the 1969 Days of Rage.That direct action protest by the Weathermen was denounced by Fred Hampton, the leader of this city'sBlack Panther Party, who was killed by the FBI and members of this city's police department in a raidlater that year. Abraham Ribicoff denounced the "Gestapo-like" tactics used to suppress protests duringthe 1968 Democratic National Convention by mayor Richard Daley in, for the point, what largest city inIllinois?
Chancellor of the Exchequer
A holder of this position, Philip Snowden, responded to the start of the Great Depression byinvestigating government cutbacks in the May Report. In 1911, the holder of this position attackedGerman aggression in the Mediterranean in a Mansion House Speech. David Lloyd George held thisposition for seven years beginning in 1908, during which time he issued the People's Budget. For thepoint, name this position responsible for managing the British treasury.
Laos
A kingdom in this modern country started a war by sending a box full of dung toanother country instead of the hair of a white elephant. A kingdom of a "Million Elephantsand White Parasols" existed in this modern country; Fa Ngum [fa num] founded thatempire, Lan (+) Xang [lan san]. Prince Phetsarath was the first prime minister of thiscountry, which was led after independence by King Sisavang Vong. Operation Steel Tigertargeted troops in this country in an effort to close off the (*) Ho Chi Minh Trail. The CIA's"Secret War" in this country involved training thousands of Hmong soldiers.
Mughal empire
A leader of this empire fled to Persia after a war with Sher Shah Suri. This empire's Bengal Subahprovince accounted for over half of its economic power. As a member of the Navratnas, Birbal advisedan illiterate leader of this empire who created his own religion, Din-i Ilahi. The first leader of this empiredefeated Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat, which led to the annexation of the Delhi Sultanate.For the point, name this Indian Empire founded by Babur.
Australia
A literary magazine in this country, Angry Penguins, fell for a hoax involving the fictitious poet ErnMalley; that hoax inspired the 2003 novel My Life as a Fake. Laura Trevelyan is a character in a novelbased on the German explorer Ludwig Leichhardt's death in this country's desert. For the point, namethis country, the setting of many Peter Carey novels and Patrick White's Voss, which discusses a Germanexplorer who died in its sparse Outback region.
Mobuto
A politician who was tortured under this leader's regime escaped his country and published a book calling him an "incarnation of evil," but this leader nonetheless invited him back and appointed him ambassador to the U.S.
Dole
A politician with this surname campaigned with a Frankenstein doll that declared "You have nothingto fear with" that man. A woman with this surname won the Senate seat made available by the retirementof Jesse Helms; that woman with this married surname served as Secretary of Transportation underRonald Reagan and Secretary of Labor under George W. Bush. For ten points, give this surname sharedby North Carolina senator Elizabeth and a Kansas senator who lost the 1996 presidential election to BillClinton, Bob.
Long March
A tune in which each of the thirteen parts covers a month of this event includesthe line "the river flowing and barley growing, what do we suffer for?" This event waspreceded by several defeats for Otto Braun in a series of Encirclement Campaigns. The (+)Zunyi Conference strengthened the position of a key figure in this event, which succeededpartly because warlords did not interfere. (*) Propaganda posters after this event told citizensto remember the soldiers who engaged in this event "if [they] feel tired."
raid of the Grand mosque
Abdul ibn Baz authorized the use of deadly force in this event against his former students. ChristianProteau helped plan the response to this event, whose perpetrators were charged with "misidentifying theMahdi." This event was carried out by members of the Ikhwan militia under Juhayman al-Otaibi, andKing Khaled caved to their demands rather than crack down on extremism. The perpetrators of this eventcalled for the overthrow of the House of Saud.
Gideon v. Wainwright
Abe Fortas [FORR-tuss] argued on behalf of this case's plaintiff before the Supreme Court.
Ziggurats
According to Herodotus, one of these structures was said to be inhabited by a woman living in alarge golden couch and is located at Etemenanki. The oldest example of these structures is the Sialk inIran, and a "White" example of these structures stood in Uruk. The top platform of these structureswere believed to bridge heaven and earth and were the site of priestly rituals. For the point, identify theseterraced Mesopotamian temples, often cited as precursors to Egyptian pyramids.
Masada
According to Josephus, this location was originally constructed by Alexander Jannaeus. Defendersat this location may have drawn lots to determine who would kill whom, avoiding a prohibition againstsuicide. Flavius Silvia built a massive ramp to bypass this location's "snake" path. This location wasdefended by the Sicarii, who had earlier fled Jerusalem.
Masada
According to Josephus, this location was originally constructed by Alexander Jannaeus. Defendersat this location may have drawn lots to determine who would kill whom, avoiding a prohibition againstsuicide. Flavius Silvia built a massive ramp to bypass this location's "snake" path. This location wasdefended by the Sicarii, who had earlier fled Jerusalem. For ten points, name this Judean mountaintopfortress that was captured in the waning days of the First Jewish-Roman War.
Mobuto
According to his former secret service guard, this man's favorite Disneyland ride was one named after a river in his country.
sweden
According to legend, a king of this country ordered an experiment in which imprisoned identicaltwins were forced to drink coffee or tea to test the dangers of coffee. Another king of this country led theMarch Across the Belts, after which it received Scania from Denmark. The House of Bernadotte becamethe ruling family of this country after it lost Finland in 1809. Ren´e Descartes was employed by Christina,a Queen of, for the point, what country that she ruled from Stockholm?
Nasser
After all of his country's parties were banned, this man led the Liberation Rally organization.
Mugabe
After being elected Prime Minister in 1980, this man ascended to the presidency in 1987 after accusing the author of The Gospel According to the Ghetto, Canaan Banana, of sodomy.
Idi amin
After declaring "economic war,"
GameCube
After the failure of the Dreamcast, Sega released Super Monkey Ball for this console.
Barbarossa
An admiral with this nickname defeated an allied fleet under the command of Andrea Doria at theBattle of Preveza. Another leader with this name ordered the sacking of Milan in 1162 and marriedBeatrice of Burgundy. An operation with this name superseded Operation Otto as Nazi Germany's planfor the invasion of the Soviet Union. A king who went by this nickname drowned while crossing the SalephRiver during the Third Crusade. For the point, give this nickname of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Ithat translates as "Red Beard."
Second Crusade
An army withdrew from this conflict when Raymond II was suspected of poisoningAlfonso Jordan. The Council of Acre [AH kreh] was convened before an ill advised attackthrough an orchard in the decisive battle of this conflict. (+) Bernard of Clairvaux helpeddrum up support for this conflict, which was prompted by Zengi's capture of Edessa. Thisconflict ended with Baldwin III of (*) Jerusalem's unsuccessful siege of Damascus.
Hamilton
An early version of this work uses the phrase "waiting in the weeds," later changedto "waiting in the wings." In this work, a boy sings in French, then recites a poem on hisninth (+) birthday to his father. The protagonist of this work is told to "talk less" and"smile more" by the antagonist, who later laments that "the world was (*) wide enough" forboth himself and the title character after they duel at Weehawken. For ten points, name this Lin-ManuelMiranda musical about the first treasury secretary, who was killed in a duel with Aaron Burr.
Battle of Varna
As sultan, Mehmed II led the Ottomans to victory against crusaders at this battle in the LongCampaign. Wladyslaw [vahd-ee-slav] III of Poland was decapitated at this defeat for Janos [yahn-osh]Hunyadi.
Nosebleeds
At his villa in Samoussy, Carloman is said to have died either of natural causes or of a particularlybad instance of this phenomenon, possibly the result of poisoned tea. Another death of this type may havebeen the result of uncharacteristically heavy drinking while planning to sack Constantinople; that 453 ADevent occurred while its victim was with Ildico on his wedding night.
Concentration Camps
The British used these facilities to house Boer civilians during the war, often with little food. Later, worse examples include Buchenwald [boo-ken-vahld] and Dachau[dock-ow].
Kwame Nkrumah
The CIA probably aided in the coup of this man's government by the National Liberation Council, which occurred while he was on a state visit to China.
Andrew Jacksons cabinet
Before his appointment to the Supreme Court, Taney was part of this group of presidentialadvisers that included Amos Kendall and John Overton
Taisho
Before the coup, Mishima had finished the last book of his The Sea of Fertility tetralogy, whichis set during this period of Japanese reform in the 1910s and 20
Mandela
Before winning power in elections, supporters of this leader clashed with members of Inkatha in a conflict documented by the "Bang-Bang Club."
Gaddafi
Believed to have been involved in the disappearance of Imam Musa al-Sadr, this leader, the target of Operation El Dorado Canyon, outlined a few political views in The Green Book and named the regime the "government by the masses," or Jamahiriya.
Athens
Berlin's Brandenburg Gate was copied from a large gate to a landmark in this city called the Propylaea [pro-pull-AYE-uh].
Idi amin
Bob Astles, known as the "White Rat," was an advisor to this man, and may have helped run the State Research Bureau, which tortured his political opponents
Mandela
Some say that because this man shook the hand of his opponent, Frederik Willem de Klerk, he won a presidential election while representing the African National Congress party.
Dubai
City in the UAE where modern slave labor built the Burj Khalifa and other skyscrapers.
Nyerere
Clean water supplies and an increased literacy rate were goals of this man's program of building rural "development villages."
Green Line
Colorfully named border that demarcated territorial holdings after the war.
Abdullah II
Current King of Jordan, who succeeded his father, King Hussein, in 1999.
Independence of East Timor
Demonstrators for this cause gained sympathy after the televised Santa Cruz massacre. After thesuccess of this cause, Xanana Gusm˜ao [sha-na-na goos-mao] was released from prison and won an ensuingelection. This cause gained international recognition after Carlos Bela and Jose Ramos-Horta won the1996 Nobel Peace Prize for their advocacy of it. Fretilin fought for this cause, which was assisted byUN-backed Australian intervention.
End of WW1
Description acceptable. A pessimistic analysis of this event was criticized by EtienneMantoux's [eh-tee-ehn mahn-too's] Carthaginian Peace. Government price controlsdeveloped in the aftermath of this event led to (+) hyperinflation, one of this event'sEconomic Consequences detailed by John Maynard Keynes; that analysis of this event wascited by the (*) "irreconcilables," who thus argued against joining the League of Nations as part of thisevent. For ten points, name this event that led to the creation of the Weimar Republic and the impositionof severe reparations against the defeated Germany.
Saddam Hussein
Dictator who ruled Iraq during the Persian Gulf War and was overthrown in 2003.
Istanbul
Dozens of ethnic Uyghurs were arrested in this city's district of Zeytinburnu for allegedconnections to Abdulkadir Masharipov's shooting attack of the Reina night club on NewYear's Day 2017. In 2016, leader gave speech in this city blaming "those in (+)Pennsylvania" for threatening his power. 45 people were killed after an ISIS attack on thiscity's airport in June 2016. This city's Fatih Sultan Mehmet and (*) Bosphorus Bridges wereclosed during a July 2016 coup attempt against President Recep Tayyip Erdogan [AIRD oh wan].
Japan
During Europe's industrial era, the most popular history of this country was an account by botanistEngelbert Kaempfer. The 26 martyrs were crucified in this country. After the San Felipe was shipwreckednear this country, its leader closed off most of its ports to Spanish and Portuguese missionaries and forcedits Christian population to become Kakure [ka-koo-ray], or hidden. For ten points, name this countrywhere Christianity once flourished around Nagasaki.
Kievan Rus
During a succession crisis in this empire, Boleslaw the Brave broke his sword while smashing it ona golden gate; that succession crisis is recounted in the monk Nestor's Primary Chronicle. Sviatopolkthe Accursed was defeated at the Alta River by this empire's greatest ruler, Yaroslav the Wise. Thisempire's most famous ruler married Basil II's sister, Anna Porphyrogeneta, and converted his subjects toOrthodox Christianity. Vladimir the Great ruled, for the point, what proto-Russian state whose capitalwas in modern Ukraine?
Alexander the great
During his father's victory at the Battle of Chaeronea, this man commanded the (+) Companion Cavalry.
Nyerere
During his rule, over nine million people were transported by trucks into a new system of villages.
Famine
During one of these events, Richard Temple opened work camps and was criticized for "teaching thenatives that it is the duty of the government to keep them alive." Another of these events that took placein India in the late 18th century was nicknamed for the skulls of its victims. One of these events, knownlocally as An Gortha Mor, was caused in part by overreliance on the Lumper variety of a certain crop. Forthe point, name these events, one of which caused thousands of refugees to flee Ireland in the 1840s andwas caused by a potato-killing blight.
Nicholas II
During the disposal of this man's body, his assassins drove a Fiat truck into the Koptyakiforest only to realize they had only one shovel. This man received notice that Leonid Sednevwould be leaving his entourage shortly before he was (+) moved into the basement of theIpatiev House in Yekaterinburg. (*) Anastasia was speculated to have survived the murder of thisman and his family. Fearing the advancing White Army, the Bolsheviks executed, for ten points, whatfinal Russian tsar?
1992
During the primaries in this election year, Paul Tsongas proclaimed "I'm not trying to play SantaClaus" to explain his lack of a tax cut plan. A Vice Presidential candidate in this year couldn't spell"potato" at a children's spelling bee. Pat Buchanan's culture war speech was given at this year'sRepublican convention. In this election year, the Presidential incumbent lost despite the successful GulfWar. Al Gore was elected Vice President in, for the point, what year in which Bill Clinton defeated GeorgeH. W. Bush?
Gallic wars
During this conflict, the Ariovistus-led Suebi tribe was defeated. Diviciacus [DIV-ik-ee-ah-kus] warnedone side of a conspiracy before these wars, though his people, the Aedui [aid-wee], later flipped allegiances.The losing side in this war did not burn Gergovia or Avaricum, despite a scorched earth strategy, and thewinning side built bridges over the Rhine, then burned them as a show of force. In the crucial battle ofthis war, a double wall was built around Vercingetorix's forces in Alesia. For ten points, name this set ofwars that allowed Julius Caesar to subjugate modern-day France.
Song Dynasty
During this dynasty, Chancellor Wang Anshi implemented the "New Policies," which were criticizedby poet Su Shi, leading to Shi's eventual exile. Mongke Khan died while besieging this dynasty at theBattle of Diaoyu Fortress in Chongqing. This dynasty's rulers resolved border conflicts with the Liaodynasty, which was later overthrown in a combined effort by this dynasty and the Jurchen people. Thisdynasty is split into distinct "Northern" and "Southern" periods due to the loss of northern China to theJin Dynasty in 1127.
Khruschev
During this man's premiership, Alexei Larionov tripled production of meat in his nativeoblast during the Ryazan Miracle. A desire to "show the United States a Kuzma's mother"prompted researchers to carry out a (+) nuclear test on Novaya Zemlya. This man onlyshowed interest in the cafeteria during a visit to (*) IBM headquarters.
Nikita Khrushchev
During this man's premiership, Alexei Larionov tripled production of meat in his nativeoblast during the Ryazan Miracle. A desire to "show the United States a Kuzma's mother"prompted researchers to carry out a (+) nuclear test on Novaya Zemlya. This man onlyshowed interest in the cafeteria during a visit to (*) IBM headquarters. The most powerfulexplosion on Earth, the Tsar Bomba test, was carried out at the beginning of the premiership of, for tenpoints, what Soviet premier who visited the United States six years after succeeding Stalin?
Eisenhower
During this man's presidency, the CIA overthrew (+) Mohammed Mossadegh in Iran and Jacobo Arbenz [yuh-KOH-boh ARR-benz] in Guatemala.
Nasser
During this man's rule, Wolfgang Lotz was convicted as a spy and imprisoned in his so-called"concentration camp" at Tura.
George III
Earlier in his reign, Pitt the Elder helped this king defeat France and Lord North passed the Intolerable Acts.
Nyerere
Earlier, he had fought in Moshi to defend the Meru Land Case
Crimean War
Elizabeth Thompson applied to the Royal Academy with a painting of this conflict showing a lineof weak and wounded British soldiers wearing bearskin hats at roll call. Photographer Roger Fentontraveled to battle sites in this war, where he took photos of many cannonballs on a road in what he titled"Valley of the Shadow of Death." Another photo by Fenton from this conflict shows the railway station atBalaclava.
iron
Emperor Wu Di of Han placed a monopoly on salt and this material. A pillar of this material wassigned by King Chandra and notoriously resists corrosion. The Hittites created artifacts of this material.Abraham Darby created a method to create the "pig" type of this substance using coke instead of charcoal.and its "wrought" form was used to construct the Eiffel Tower. For ten points, name this metal whose useended the Bronze Age.
Bangkok
Erawan Shrine is located in this city, whose temple of Wrat Pha Kaew houses the Emerald Buddha.This city was first founded as a trading post of the Ayyuthaya kingdom, though it has grown to includemodern day attractions like the Patpong district and Khaosan Road. Located in the Chao Phraya Riverdelta, this city was rocked in 2015 when bombs exploded at the Siam Paragon mall and nearby religiousshrines.
England
First country the US declared war on, doing so in 1812
Mugabe
For 10 points, first coming to power following his country's independence from the white-only regime of Ian Smith in 1980
Opium
For 10 points, identify this narcotic drug whose trade sparked two wars between China and Britain.
Patton
For 10 points, name this American World War II general who slapped two soldiers.
Populist Party
For 10 points, name this American political party of farmers that opposed national banks and utilities
Gaddafi
Four members of thisfamily were killed in May 2011 airstrikes, and its patriarch wrote the Green Book and is protected by afemale bodyguard corp called the Amazonian Guard.
Hungary
Harold Kuhn named an algorithm to solve the assignment problem after this nation,in honor of K˝onig and Egerv´ary. With Oskar Morganstern, another man from this countryinitialized game theory. This nation's mathematical society bears the name of a countrymanwho developed non-Euclidean geometry independently of (+) Nikolai Lobachevsky. Atwentieth century mathematician from this country published works with over 500 (*)co-authors, inspiring a namesake number as the distance on a collaboration graph.
William the Silent
He arranged for the signing of the Pacification of Ghent and the Union of Utrecht to oppose the Duke of Parma.
Nasser
He attempted to resign after the Six-Day War but was refused.
Kwame Nkrumah
He hosted the first meeting of the World Without the Bomb group and was known in his country as "Osagyefo".
Kwame Nkrumah
He issued the seven-year "Plan for Work and Happiness" to lead his country into socialism.
Mandela
He made arrangements with Moammar Gaddafi for the trial of the Lockerbie bombers;
Ben Franklin
He never reconciled with his son William, a Royalist governor of New Jersey
Nyerere
He passed a law stating that the Queen of England was represented by Edward Twining in his home country.
Nasser
He was captured in the Fallujah Pocket along with his brigade despite refusing to surrender, and personally attempted to assassinate Sirri Pasha
Mecca
Holiest city of Islam, in western Saudi Arabia.
Babur
Humayun, the aforementioned ruler who fell down a staircase, was the son of this Mughalfounder.
Rosa Parks
In 1955, this civil rights activist's refusal to move to the back of the bus sparked a boycottin Montgomery
Zhou Enlai
In 1955, this man accused the US of being a threat to world peace in a speech that promised to"never forget that the first atom bomb was exploded on Asian soil." In Geneva in 1954, John Foster Dullessnubbed this man's handshake. This man's 1976 death triggered the Tiananmen Incident when the Gangof Four removed mourning protestors from the square.
Nyerere
In 1967, he issued amanifesto prohibiting government ministers from renting out houses and proclaiming "let us pray and heed to the peasant."
Nyerere
In 1967, this leader outlined his policy of "familyhood" in the Arusha Declaration
Gaddafi
In 1969, this man seized power in a bloodless coup by overthrowing King Idris (EE-dreese).
Cesar Chavez
In 1969, this man, along with Ralph Abernathy and Walter Mondale, led marches through theCoachella Valley against illegal immigration. Philip Vera Cruz resigned from this man's organization afterthis man endorsed Ferdinand Marcos. This man's Proposition 14 was defeated, but he did successfullylead the Delano Strike. March 31st is the namesake holiday of this man whose phrase "Si, se puede"[pway-day] inspired "Yes I can," President Obama's slogan.
Nyerere
In 1978, this founder of the Organization of African Unity sent his country's army to depose Idi Amin.
New Zealand
In 1984, a snap election in this country became known as the "schnapps election" dueto the drinking habits of the ousted Prime Minister. In this country, Alain Mafart was partof a team that planted a bomb that killed photographer Fernando Pereira; (+) FrenchDefense Minister Charles Hernu resigned as a result of that action. Prime Minister DavidLange instituted (*) Rogernomics in this country, where Greenpeace docked the ship Rainbow Warriorbefore its bombing in 1985.
New Zealand
In 1984, a snap election in this country became known as the "schnapps election" dueto the drinking habits of the ousted Prime Minister. In this country, Alain Mafart was partof a team that planted a bomb that killed photographer Fernando Pereira; (+) FrenchDefense Minister Charles Hernu resigned as a result of that action. Prime Minister DavidLange instituted (*) Rogernomics in this country, where Greenpeace docked the ship Rainbow Warriorbefore its bombing in 1985. For ten points, name this country where Robert Muldoon once served asPrime Minister in its capital Wellington.
Fatwa
In 2002, Isioma Daniel became the subject of one of these works after joking about theMiss World beauty pageant. Creators of these declarations are known as (+) muftis, thoughthere is no international body to decide fiqh [feek] controversies over these declarations. (*)Osama bin Laden issued two of these statements prior to becoming head of al-Qaeda.
Nadal
In 2005, this man defeated Mariano Puerta, who was later found to be doping, to win his first major.Several achievements of this man have merited the name "La D´ecima," because he has won at least tentimes at tournaments such as Barcelona. This winner of the 2008 men's singles Olympic gold medal beatBjorn Borg's record of winning 16 titles as a teenager and surpassed Borg's record at a tournament inParis. For ten points, name this "King of Clay," a Spanish tennis player who has won the French Open arecord 10 times.
Zuma
In 2005, this man was dismissed as Deputy President after his friend, Schabir Shaik, was convicted onfraud and corruption charges. This former communist recently faced impeachment after the case EconomicFreedom Fighters v. Speaker of the National Assembly ruled that he had siphoned funds meant to upgradethe Nkandla house. During this man's 2005 rape trial, he claimed that he took a shower to prevent himselffrom contracting HIV.
Harvard
In 2010, while working at this university, Reinhard and Rogoff wrote the austerity-promoting paper"Growth in a Time of Debt." A seminar co-taught by Michael Walzer and Robert Nozick at this universitywas titled "Capitalism and Socialism" and resulted in the publication of Anarchy, State, and Utopia. Thisuniversity's popular "Justice" course is taught by Michael Sandel and discusses one of this school's longestserving philosophy professors, John Rawls. For the point, name this Ivy League university once headed byLawrence Summers, located in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Weed
In Israel, the Ale Yarok party is best known for its platform on this substance
Mugabe
In October 2017, this leader was appointed a World Health Organization global ambassador, (*) prompting criticism from the Human Rights Watch because this man travels abroad for health treatment
Mugabe
In October 2017, this man was named a goodwill ambassador by the World Health Organization before being withdrawn a day later.
Korean War
In a battle during this war, Marguerite Higgins photographed Baldomero L´opez scalinga seawall before his death. Human wave tactics were used during this war's Battle ofHeartbreak (+) Ridge. During this war, American forces were trapped at the ChosinReservoir and F-86 Sabres fought in (*) "MiG Alley."
Home Box Office
In a show on this network, Timothy Olyphant plays Seth Bullock and characters likeCalamity Jane and Wild Bill Hickok live in the title South Dakota city. Deadwood wasa show on this network, which also created a series based on a Stephen (+) Ambrosebook that focuses on Easy Company's experience in World War II. A David McCulloughbiography inspired another miniseries on this TV network starring Paul Giamatti as a (*)president from colonial Massachusetts. Band of Brothers and John Adams were produced by, for tenpoints, what premium TV network whose far less historical shows include Game of Thrones?
Calhoun
In an address to the Senate, this man claimed that the gravest question, "How can the Union bepreserved?", could only be answered by the North, not the South. This man claimed that every civilizationwas founded upon a system of two classes in a speech that labeled slavery as "a positive good." JamesMurray Mason delivered this man's speech in opposition to the Compromise of 1850 on March 4 in themonth of his death. For the point, name this South Carolina senator and states' rights advocate, a memberof the Great Triumvirate.
Idi amin
In an early post, this man led an attack on the Kabaka's palace, forcing him into exile.
Jainism
In his last days, Chandragupta converted to what religion, which holds that Mahavira is the lasttirthankara?
Avignon
In medieval times, the center of this city, Carpentras, was found within the Comtat Venaissin. Theplans of Gregory XI to leave this city were halted by a conflict with Florence called the War of the EightSaints. The Western Schism began after a major religious office was removed from this city in 1376, endingthe period dubbed the Babylonian Captivity. For the point, name this French city to which Clement Vmoved the home of the Papacy.
The art of war
In one anecdote, this book's author beheaded two women when he was asked to supervise a battlebetween 180 courtesans. This book postulates the following hierarchy of targets: ideas, then alliances,then armies, then cities. This book's first chapter, about planning, lays out five fundamental factors in itstitle discipline including seasonal changes and terrain.
Sigmond Freud
In one book, this man proposed that Moses was a relative of the Egyptian Akhenaten.
Streep
In one film, this actress portrayed a friend of Simone Beck who accompanies her diplomat husbandPaul to Paris. In another film, she portrays a woman who inherits control of her husband's business afterhe kills himself in a manic-depressive episode. In that 2017 film, this actress portrayed Katherine Graham,who chooses to publish the Pentagon Papers. For the point, name this actress who played Julia Child inJulie and Julia and who starred in The Post, a three-time Oscar Winner for Best Actress.
Plato
In one of this man's works, the title character offers to break his friend out of prison, but is stopped by that friend's insistence on following the law.
Franco-Prussian War
In one story set during this war, characters satirically described as "representatives of virtue" ignorethe title character, even though she had a picnic basket of food with those characters. In that story, acaravan of refugees from this war accidentally wander into an inn held by the enemy, and are only letgo when a prostitute sleeps with the enemy officer.
Mugabe
In the 2000s, he attempted to address his country's hyperinflation.
Brazil
In the Treaty of Petropolis, this country acquired territory from its neighbor that would become the rubber-tree-rich State of Acre.
Beslan
In the aftermath of this event, the suspect Nur Pashi Kulayev was interrogated onChannel One. One side in this event was led by man codenamed "Polkovnik." Officialsclaimed that note and tape cassette from this event were empty because Shamil Basayevhad made no demands. In this event, Shmel rockets and T 72 tanks were used by theSpetsnaz, leading to the (+) deaths of 300 people, many in a gymnasium. This event beganon Knowledge Day with the capture of over 1,000 hostages. (*)
Gaddafi
In the book The Angel, it is alleged that this leader ordered for a submarine to torpedo the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 while it was travelling to Haifa for the twenty-fifth anniversary of Israel's creation.
Emperor of Japan
In the chapter "A Picture Contest," an official tries to marry his daughter to a holder of this positionby ordering fantastic displays of artwork. A person in this position exiles his half-brother to the coastwhen the man is caught in an embarrassing affair. A holder of this position becomes blind after havingobsessive dreams of his father. Kiritsubo, Suzaku, and Reizei all hold this position in a Heian period novelby Murasaki Shikibu.
Courtship of Miles Standish
In the eighth of this poem's nine sections, "The Spinning-Wheel," a woman becomes angry when herfianc´ee likens her to Bertha the Beautiful Spinner. A woman in this poem asks "Why don't you speak foryourself" when a man delivers his best friend's proposal of marriage to her. This poem imagines a lovetriangle between John Alden, Priscilla Mullens, and its title character. For ten points, name this HenryLongfellow poem about a romance in Plymouth Colony.
Night
In the last scene of this book, its narrator looks into a mirror in a hospital and sees a corpse staringback at him. This book was originally published in French with an introduction by its author's friendFrancois Mauriac. The main character of this book refuses to celebrate the New Year after watchinga child slowly die in a hanging. In this book, Moshe the Beadle warns the townspeople of Sighet of aseries of coming atrocities, which claim the life of the narrator's father Chlomo.
Twin Towers
In the originally planned climax of Men in Black II, these structures were to release a swarm of UFOs.A helicopter is caught in a web between these structures in an original trailer for the first Tobey MaguireSpiderman film. The 2008 film Man on Wire documents Philippe Petit's illegal 1974 walk between thesestructures on a high-wire. Several early 21st century films edited out, for ten points, what Manhattanbuildings that were attacked on September 11th?
Gaddafi
In the town of Sirte (SEERT), this man was killed alongside his son Mutassim in 2011.
Bulge
In this battle, Corporal Mager Bradley was among 228 casualties for the 333rd FieldArtillery Battalion. The Baraque Michel crossroads were the intended landing point for aparatrooper drop at this battle's Operation (+) St¨osser. During this battle, 84 Americanprisoners of war were killed at the Baugnez [bone-yay] crossroads by Joachim Peiper[yo-ah-keem pie-per] in the (*) Malmedy Massacre.
Stockholm
In this city, a policeman was forced to sing "Lonesome Cowboy" after another wasshot in the hand. That took place during a 1973 incident in this city that began after itsperpetrator entered a building and shouted "the (+) party has only started!" KristinEnmark claimed that she frequently visited Jan Olsson after an incident in this city in whichOlsson called (*) Olof Palme to threaten to kill a group of civilians he was holding in a bank. For tenpoints, name this European city in which the sympathy hostages felt toward their captors inspired theterm for a namesake "syndrome."
South Sudan
In this country in November 2015, a cargo plane carrying oil workers to the Paloch oil fields crashedafter taking off from its capital in Central Equatoria. Riek Machar now leads a People's LiberationMovement-in-Opposition in a civil war in this country; Machar briefly served as its vice president, but wasfired with the rest of this country's cabinet in July 2013. In that civil war here, Bortown, the capital ofJonglei State, was captured in December 2013.
Belarus
In this country's most recent presidential election, Tatsiana Karatkevich finished second with 4percent of the vote, though "against all candidates" received 6 percent. In 2002, it was revealed that thepension given to this country's former leader, Stanislav Shushkevich, amounted to less than $2 a month.Journalist Iryna Khalip has been imprisoned for her criticism of this country's president, who was opposedby the Zubr movement in the 2006 Jeans Revolution. For the point, name this former Soviet republic thathas been led since 1994 by Alexander Lukashenko from Minsk.
Brazil
In this country, Jacobina Mentz Maurer ordered the killing of enemy fam lies in theRevolt of the Muckers. A rebel government in this country was established in Belem in theState of Grao Para. Muslims in this South Amer can country wore necklaces with imagesof Jean Jacques Dessalines during revolt in (+) Bahia. High taxes on charque sparked arebellion in Rio Grande do Sul in this country, whose rebels were supported by GiuseppeGaribaldi in the Ragamuffin War. This country's independence was (*) announced at the Cryof Ipiranga by its first emperor, Pedro I.
Somalia
In this country, Mohammed Morgan issued the "Letter of Death" before carrying out a genocide ofthe Isaaq peoples. A leader of this country created new settlements in the Jubba region to deal with the"Lingering Drought" and was victorious at Jijiga against another country's Derg regime. In this country,foreign troops were trapped near the Baakara Market during Operation Gothic Serpent while attemptingto capture a successor of Siad Barre, Mohammad Farah Aidid.
East Timor
In this country, Roger East was executed while investigating the deaths of the Balibo Five. TheLaksaur militia committed the Suai Church Massacre after a pro-independence referendum in this country,which was advocated for by Nobel Laureate Jos´e Ramos-Horta. This country's FRETILIN party wasrepresented by Horta at the UN during its occupation by a country that committed the Dili massacre.
Azerbajan
In this country, after the local population resisted the Soviet takeover, Dashnak and Bolshevik forcesmassacred thousands of people during the March Days. The Musavat Party turned this country into thefirst Muslim secular democracy before it was overthrown during the Russian Civil War. Soldiers from thiscountry murdered thousands of people of a neighboring ethnicity in the 1920 Shusha Massacre over thestatus of Nagorno-Karabakh. For the point, name this Caucasian country that fought for three years, andcontinues to feud, with Armenia.
Discourse on the Method
In what book does Descartes' famous proposition "I think, therefore I am" first appear?
Shiraz
Iranian home of the Pink Mosque, built during the Qajar dynasty.
Populist Party
It allied with Terence (*) Powderly's Knights of Labor.
Populist Party
It nominated Thomas E. Watson as a vice-presidential candidate in 1896, when both it and the Democrats nominated William Jennings Bryan.
Second Boer war
It was sparked by the discovery of gold in the Witwatersrand [wit-wut-urz-and].
Carbonari
Italian nationalist group whose name comes from the Italian for "charcoal," eventually replaced bythe Young Italy movement.
Brazil
Its capital was designed by Lucio Costa[LOOSE-ee-oh KAH-stah] and Oscar Niemeyer [NEE-uh-my-ur] in the shape of an airplane
Tang
Its first emperor was Taizong, and Li Po and Dufu were famous poets who lived during this dynasty
Ben Franklin
Jill Lepore wrote about this man's sister Jane in Book of Ages.
Rurik
Kievan Rus' and its successor state, the Grand Duchy of Moscow, were ruled by leaders fromthis dynasty, named after its Viking founder. This dynasty preceded the Romanovs as rulers of Russia.
Mobuto
Lake Albert was briefly named for this man, whose government was ousted after he tried to force Tutsis to leave his country.
Iriquois
Leaders from this nation such as Joseph Brant allied it with the British during the American Revolution.
The Flying Dutchman
Legendary ghost ship, the subject of a Richard Wagner opera, that supposedly sunk off its coast
Nasser
Lester Pearson helped resolve a crisis involving this non-European leader.
Mulligan Letters
Letters detailing bribes paid to James Blaine that sunk his 1876 and 1880 presidential campaigns.
Daimyo
Members of this class often employed a small group of bodyguards and assistants known as akashindan. Outcast members of this class were given the label tozama and kept under control by theshimpan and fudai. Beginning in 1642, all members of this class were required to adopt the policy ofalternate attendance, strengthening control over them. Having an estate valued at 10,000 koku was neededto qualify for this title under the han system.
Sydney
Modern city that is home to Botany Bay, where the British first landed in eastern Australia
Congressional salaries
Monetary concept that was retroactively increased in an 1873 act that cost Republicans the Houseand nearly cost Garfield his seat.
Idi amin
Muammar Gaddafi sent troops to assist this man in annexing the disputed Kagera region, and this man married the nineteen year-old go-go dancer Sarah Kyolaba.
Darwin
Northern Territory city that was the site of the first and largest Japanese bombing raid on Australiain World War II.
Italy
Omar Mukhtar fought for independence against this empire in the mountains of JebelAkhdar. This European empire received Tripolitania in the Treaty of Ouchy and signedthe Treaty of Wuchale to establish its colony of (+) Eritrea. This empire, which madeMogadishu the capital of its Somaliland, was humiliated after its loss at the Battle of (*)Adwa to Menelek II, but it would get its revenge over Haile Selassie.
Battle of Sekigahara
On the morning of this battle, a group known as the "Red Devils" charged across a valley in theface of musket fire. The loser of this battle was left only with a smaller force on Mount Nangu after acatastrophic miscalculation caused the exposed right flank of the Western Army to be destroyed. Thesiege of Ueda Castle delayed Hidetada, the son of the winner of this battle, from reaching it in time. IshidaMitsunari was killed at this battle, which helped end of the Toyotomi clan's dominance. For the point,name this 1600 battle won by Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Great Northern War
One country failed to halt the Greater Wrath during this war when it lost the Battle of Gangut. Oneleader during this war was killed at the Siege of Fredriksten, after he convinced one country to conductthe Pruth River Campaign. The Surrender at Perevolochna destroyed one side's army of Caroleans duringthis war after Adam Leuwenhaupt lost the Battle of Poltava.
Mao
One depiction of this man shows him walking in front of mountains and clouds en route to a minersstrike in Anyuan. He promoted socialist realism and artwork that was "red, light and bright" during histenure. This man wears blue eyeshadow and rouge in a silkscreen print by Andy Warhol, and his officialportrait by Ge Xiaoguang hangs on Tienanmen Gate.
First Crusade
One general in this war was so successful at Civetot and Xerigordon that he ignored it to fight theDanishmends. While ostensibly fighting in this war, Emicho of Flonheim massacred Jews. Kilij Arslanlost the Battle of Dorylaeum during this war, and the counties of Tripoli and Edessa were founded in itswake. This conflict was originally intended to aid Alexius Comnenus, and it began after cries of "DeusVult!" at the Council of Clermont.
Wars of the Roses
One leader in these conflicts saw a vision of three suns before his victory at Mortimer's Cross. Forswitching sides in these conflicts, Richard Neville, the Earl of Warwick, was known as the Kingmaker.These conflicts ended when Richard III was defeated by Henry VII at Bosworth, ushering in the Tudordynasty. For ten points, name these conflicts between the rival English houses of Lancaster and York,named for their respective red and white flower badges.
Liberia
One leader of this country was filmed having his ears cut off while warlord Prince Johnson drank aBudweiser. During this country's first civil war, Joshua Milton Blahyi led an armed division of childrenknown as the "Butt Naked brigade." That civil war ended with the 1997 election of Charles Taylor.Alongside Guinea and Sierra Leone, this country was at the centre of the West African Ebola outbreak.
Zimbabwe
One leader of this modern-day nation signed the Internal Settlement with Abel Muzorewa. Thismodern day nation was the center of a conflict that was ended with the Lancaster House Agreement. TheBush War was fought in this nation, where Ian Smith declared separation from Britain with his UniversalDeclaration of Independence. Smith's power in this nation was weakened by the ZAPU and ZANU, whichwere respectively led by leaders Joshua Nkomo and Robert Mugabe.
Thatcher
One newspaper campaigned against this leader, saying "Stop the waste of our nation, for your job,your children, and your future!", but this leader defeated Michael Foot anyway. Geoffrey Howe turned onthis leader, who resigned after pressure from Michael Heseltine. This leader's adoption of the CommunityCharge prompted the Poll Tax Riots. This leader succeeded James Callaghan following the Winter ofDiscontent, and her strict education cuts led to the nickname "Milk Snatcher".
Nyerere
One of his first executive offices was as Chief Minister of the Internal Self-Government Administration, in which role he negotiated with Richard Turnbull.
Panama Papers
One of these documents claims found that a Swiss lawyer named Dieter Neupertwas directly in contact with the Royal family of Qatar. A reporter for the Munich-basedpublication SZ broke the story about these documents, some of which focused on (+)Sigmundur Gunnlaugson of Iceland. The law firm Mossack Fonseca created these documents,whose revelation prompted David (*) Cameron to admit that he profited from offshore accountsheld by his father. For ten points, name this set of over 11 million documents that were leaked in 2016and linked illegal shell companies to prominent figures.
Mongol invasions of Japan
One side in these events found that their style of calling individual challenges was ineffective. TheBattle of Bunei opened the first of these events, during which King Chungyeol of Goryeo provided counseland soldiers to one side. The second of these events was prompted by the beheadings of two handfulsof emissaries at Hakata. One side's refusal to allow ships to land at Kyushu may have prompted theseevents, which were twice foiled by the "divine wind."
Battle of Hastings
One side in this battle landed at Pevensey, while the other had just resisted a Viking invasion led by Harald Hardrada [hard-dra-duh] at Stamford Bridge
Gulf of Tonkin
The book Spartans in Darkness analyzes signal intelligence's role in an event in this body of water.James Stockdale led a group of aircraft from the Ticonderoga on a bombing run during a DESOTO patrolin this body of water. Wayne Morse was one of only two senators to oppose a law, named after this bodyof water, that granted Lyndon Johnson the power to deploy American troops in Southeast Asia. TheTurner Joy and the Maddox were attacked by torpedo boats in, for the point, what gulf off the coast ofNorth Vietnam?
Mission Accomplished
The deliverer of this speech was praised as a "a high-flying jet star" by political commentator ChrisMatthews for his flashy jet landing. This speech, given aboard the USS Abraham Lincoln, announced that"our allies [had] prevailed" and that "major combat operations" had ended. This speech earned its namefrom a phrase emblazoned across a red, white, and blue banner in the background. For the point, namethis widely mocked speech, given by George W. Bush, that prematurely declared success in the Iraq Warin 2003.
Athens
The early Christian thinker Tertullian [turr-TOOL-ee-uhn] asked "what has (this city) to do with Jerusalem?"
Hodgkins
The elder Joseph Lister discussed red blood cells with this physician, who names a type of cancerous lymphoma.
Meiji
The emperor who launched a namesake period of modernization?
Spain
The ensuing invasion of this country was referred to as an "Ulcer" by Napoleon
Port Arthur
The port gained on the Liaodong peninsula by Japan after the Russo-Japanese War?
Second Boer war
The raid led by Leander Starr Jameson raised tensions before this war
Nasser
The rise to the Jordanian presidency of Suleiman al-Nabusi lent support to one of this man's major political endeavors, though Abdel Qasim's defeat of al-Shawaf in Iraq led to further persecution of Communists
Iran contra
The sitting vice president denied knowledge of this event, stating that he was "out ofthe loop," although he later noted that "mistakes were made." Manucher Ghorbanifer cameclose to accidentally stopping this event thanks to his extortionate (+) price quotes. Thisevent violated the Boland Amendment, and it was investigated by the Tower Committee,which led to indictments for Caspar (*) Weinberger and Oliver North.
Mobuto
The slogan of this man's party was "neither left nor right, nor even center;" that party laid out its positions in the Manifesto of N'sele and was called the Popular Movement of the Revolution, or MPR.
athiesm
The sociologist Phil Zuckerman primarily studies societies where this belief is prevalent. John Lennoxdebated a writer holding this philosophical position in 2008. Baron d'Holbach's 18th-century book TheSystem of Nature was widely criticized for holding this belief. Another advocate for this philosophicalposition argued against its alternative in 1986's The Blind Watchmaker.
Innauguration
The speaker of a poem written for this type of event says "My life belongs to the world.I will do what I can." James Dickey's "The Strength of Fields" was written for this typeof event. Another poem written for one of these events introduces the symbols of "A (+)Rock, A River, A Tree" and states that, "No less to Midas than the mendicant," Americais "your country." Another poem read at this type of event opens "The (*) land was oursbefore we were the land's." For ten points, name this type of event where Maya Angelou's "On the Pulseof Morning" and Robert Frost's "The Gift Outright" were read in Washington, D.C.
Mugabe
The state newspaper of this leader's country is The Herald.
Christopher Marlowe
The title character of another of his plays keeps the sultan Bajazeth in a cage and burns a Koran after conquering Babylon
Shogun
The title of the de facto military rulers of feudal Japan?
Portsmouth
The treaty ending the Russo-Japanese War signed in a New Hampshire city?
Einhard
The two major lives of Charlemagne were written by Notker [NOT-kurr] the Stammerer and what courtier [COURT-eer] who studied at Charlemagne's palace school?
Opium
The two principal areas of modern creation of this product are called the Golden Crescent and the Golden Triangle
Adi Granth
The units of this text include Gond, Nut-Narayan, Asa, and Manjh. Historians like Balh,Nalh, and Jalap contributed to this text. After the composition of this text, the musicianBhai Mardana traveled with its author, who became a bed of (+) flowers after he died. Averse from this text speaks of merchants whose "profits are preordained." This text, whichwas written after a religious figure was (*) submerged in a river for three days, was written inthe Gurmukhi Script.
Ten Years War
The war begun by Carlos Cespedes, named after a period of time?
Akbar
Third ruler of the Empire, who repealed the jizya tax and created his own religion.
Justinian the great
This Byzantine Emperor, the husband of Theodora, tasked Belisarius with reconqueringlost territory in Africa.
Nasser
This Egyptian leader ordered the construction of the Aswan High Dam and had earlier,as a member of the Free Officers movement, overthrew King Farouk.
Mohenjo-Daro
This Indus Valley city, whose name means "Mound of the Dead," may have held 40,000 peopleat its peak. The Dancing Girl statuette was found at this site.
Sejong the great
This Joseon ruler fought the Japanese on Tsushima and invented hangul.
Sam Adams
This Massachusetts resident helped organize the Boston Tea Party.
Herod the Great
This Roman leader of Judea built a fortress palace on the plateau at Masada roughly a centurybefore the siege. In the Bible, he ordered the Massacre of the Innocents.
Dunkirk
This action was made possible by the delaying tactics of the Siege of Lille [leel]. This action waspreceded by one side ordering a surprising halt order for Army Group A. So-called "Little Ships" aided inthe performing of this action, codenamed Operation Dynamo, which Winston Churchill called a "colossalmilitary disaster" because of the sheer amount of equipment and vehicles lost by the British ExpeditionaryForces. For the point, name this June 1940 evacuation of Allied forces from a harbor city in northernFrance.
Sykes-Picot
This agreement was explained in the Basset letter, which claimed it would help those "under theyoke of tyrants." The Declaration to the Seven was made in the aftermath of this agreement by HenryMcMahon, who resigned due to it. This agreement, which guaranteed "freedom of transit" at Alexandretta,gave the Acre-Haifa enclave to the British despite it being a part of a "brown zone."
Whitman
This author asked "What is it fateful woman... Are the things so strange and marvelous you see orhave seen?" in his poem "Ethiopia Saluting the Colours." An army hospital is the setting of this man'spoem "The Wound Dresser," which joins a poem that declares "Beat! beat! drums!-blow! bugles! blow!" inhis collection Drum-Taps. This author stated "our fearful trip is done" in a poem about the assassinationof Abraham Lincoln. For the point, name this American author of "O Captain! My Captain!" and Leavesof Grass.
Christopher Marlowe
This author cast the Duke of Guise [geez] as a villain in his play The Massacre at Paris.
Gaddafi
This author of The Green Book handed over the Lockerbie bombers after being visited by Nelson Mandela
Battle of Endor
This battle unintentionally resulted in the death of IG-88A
Battle of Agincourt
This battle was preceded by a gift of sports balls to remind the winning king that he should stick totennis. The fall of Harfleur prompted the losing side to fight this battle. At this battle, the order to kill allprisoners was given after Henry V feared that his baggage train would be overrun. This battle's losing sidecould not use cavalry thanks to stakes placed in muddy ground; instead the winning side's longbowmenfired at will. For ten points, name this 1415 battle fought on St. Crispin's Day, a victory for England inthe Hundred Years' War.
Battle of the Bulge
This battle's Operation Griffin included a violation of the Hague Convention when Otto Skorzenydressed his troops in enemy uniforms. During this battle, American troops were fired on after surrenderingat Malmedy. Anthony McAuliffe led a spirited defense of the town of Bastogne in this battle, whose losingside tried to use tanks to recreate the 1941 invasion of France. For ten points, name this 1944 battle thatmade a namesake shape in Allied lines.
Battle of the Nile
This battle's winning commander allegedly declared "by tomorrow, I shall have gained a peerageor Westminster Abbey" before leading the Vanguard into combat. After this battle, Armand Blanquet[blan-kay] was sacked for surrendering the undamaged Franklin. Poorly stored paint caused an explosionaboard the L'Orient [lor-ee-ahn] in this battle, which was fought in Aboukir Bay. Napoleon's expeditionwithdrew from North Africa shortly after losing, for ten points, what 1798 naval battle to Horatio Nelsonin Egypt?
Gideon v. Wainwright
This case overturned another whose plaintiff was indicted for robbery in Maryland, called Betts v. Brady.
Mexico City
This city was built over the ruins of an older city on Lake Texcoco by the Spaniards
Mexico City
This city's neighborhood of Tepito is a center for the veneration of "Saint Death."
Medina
This city's warring factions, the Khazraj [KOZZ-razh] and Aus [OWS], made peace in its namesake Constitution, which granted full protection to Christians and Jews.
Savannah
This city, which was settled by colonists from the ship Anne, was laid out according to a planthat arranged four residential blocks and four commercial blocks around an open square. The Britishcommander Augustin Prevost defended this city during a Revolutionary War siege that claimed the life ofCasimir Pulaski. James Oglethorpe founded this city as the capital of his new colony. William TecumsehSherman's March to the Sea ended with the capture of, for the point, what Georgia port city?
Betthoven
This composer included movements titled "The Absence" and "The Return" in a piano sonatainspired by his patron Archduke Rudolph fleeing Vienna, Les Adieux. He wrote a set of 33 variations on awaltz he supposedly dismissed as a "cobbler's patch." This composer of the Diabelli Variations also wrotea sonata "quasi una fantasia" that reminded Ludwig Rellstab of an object shining over Lake Lucerne. Forten points, name this German composer of F¨ur Elise and the Moonlight Sonata.
English civil war
This conflict was called a "war without an enemy" by William Waller, who spent most of it fighting against Hopton's Cornish army.
Cuba
This country is of primary interest to the activist group Brothers to the Rescue, which had planes shotdown in 1996. Edward Lansdale directed Operation Mongoose against this country, which was also thefocus of the Helms-Burton Act. It sent numerous mental patients to the U.S. during the Mariel boatlift.The CIA trained Brigade 2506, which tried to invade this country in April 1961.
Madagascar
This country is referenced as the "Island of St. Lawrence" in early maps, and it was the last stopon a route known as the "pirate round." This island's largest tourist site is its island of Nosy Be, andit contains a large area of karst pinnacles in its Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park. This country is thehome of the Merina ethnic group, who introduced a language in the Malayo-Polynesian family to thiscountry.
Iraq
This country's military received an outpouring of foreign aid in the Building Partner Capacityprogram. This country was the site of the Anbar offensive, which contained Operation Breaking Terrorismand the capture of Ramadi. After participating in a battle in the Sinjar Mountains to aid fleeing Yazidis,the Peshmerga of Massoud Barzani's Kurdistan are currently working with this country's troops to defeatISIS.
Doc Holiday
This dentist and friend of Wyatt Earp took part in the gunfight at the O.K. Corral in Tombstone.This man died of tuberculosis while avoiding extradition in Colorado.
1992
This election year involved the first instance of a man in a chicken suit harassing a candidate;that instance occurred outside the Detroit Economic Club after that incumbent refused to debate hisopponents. During this election, James Carville helped associate one candidate with the phrase "It's theeconomy, stupid." During this election, a third-party candidate claimed a "giant sucking sound" wouldresult from NAFTA.
Rangers
This elite unit of U.S. Army suffered the heaviest percentage of injuries in the invasion ofPanama after heavy fighting at Rio Hato. Their motto is "lead the way."
Muhi-ud-Din Muhammad
This emperor sold the likely precursor to the Hope Diamond to Jean Baptiste Tavernier; he hadobtained that diamond after conquering the Kollur Mine during his defeat of the Golconda Sultanate. Thisman executed Sikh Guru Tegh Bahadur for resisting conversion to Islam, which he codified in his empirevia the Fatawa-e-Alamgiri. Shivaji sacked Surat as part of his fighting with this man, who reintroducedthe jizya tax after Akbar abolished it.
Abbasid
This empire secured power after defeating Marwan II at the river Zab. Chinese prisonersfrom the Battle of Talas aided this empire in establishing paper mill at its cap tal, whichhad been moved from (+) Damascus by Al-Mansur. The mathematician Al-Khwarizmiworked in this empire's House of Wisdom, whose books allegedly turned the (*) Tigris blackfrom ink when Hulagu Khan sacked this caliphate's capital at Baghdad.
Golden Horde
This entity was victorious against Grand Duke Vytautas at the battle of the Vorskla river, thoughit had prior lost to Lithuania at the battle of the Blue Waters. This entity symbolically disintegratedafter a stand-off at the Ugra river. Members of this entity filled 9 sacks full of ears following the battle ofLegnica, and its greatest triumph took place against the Hungarians at Mohi.
Dzungars
This ethnic group was divided into four realms upon the death of Dawaji. This group's last ruler,Amursana, was the target of a unification campaign by the Qianlong [chee-ahn-long] Emperor thatresulted in its genocide. This ethnic group, one of several descended from the Oirats, is the namesake ofa basin between the Tian Shan and Altai Mountains, and their namesake "gate" was a key pass alongthe Silk Road from China into Central Asia. Like the Uyghurs [whee-gurs], this ethnic group was basedin modern-day Xinjiang [shin-jee-ahng].
Holocaust
This event inspired a song set to a melody by Dmitri Pokrass, "Zog Nit Keynmol." Rachel, Paul,and Rachella recount their experiences of this event in a piece for string quartet and tape by Steve Reich,Different Trains. An Arnold Schoenberg piece set during this event ends with a quote from the "ShemaYisroel." A Survivor from Warsaw depicts, for ten points, a target of what campaign in which the Naziskilled six million Jews?
Haymarket Riot
This event was preceded by a speech by August Spies [SPEEZ].
Omar Nelson Bradely
This fellow American World War II commanded the largest portion of US troops during the war. He was the last five-star general in US history.
Nasser
This figure separated the university aspect of the al-Azhar mosque and had its ulema issue new rulings to support his policies.
Yingluck Shinawatra
This first female Prime Minister of Thailand was deposed in 2014.
Patton
This general led an invasion of Casablanca during Operation Torch and helped relieve Bastogne.
GSG 9
This group was stopped from raiding the Hansa Stavanger after the intervention of American securityadvisor James Jones. In one operation, Somali troops lit a large diversionary fire so that this groupcould neutralize "Captain Martyr Mahmud." After the Palestinian Popular Front hijacked a Boeing 737to negotiate for the release of Red Army Faction leaders, this group successfully liberated LufthansaFlight 181. This organization was formed after traditional police units failed to prevent the 1972 Munichmassacre.
Spear of the nation
This group's Robert McBride was sentenced to death after detonating an explosive at the Magoo Bar.This group targeted Amanzitomi and Church Street in a series of bombings, actions that were found tobe excessive by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. This paramilitary group, which was created toavenge the Sharpeville Massacre, was led by a man who declared that he was "prepared to die" duringthe Rivonia Trial.
Thucydides
This historian included an account of an unsuccessful diplomatic negotiation between emissariesof Athens and Melos in his History of the Peloponnesian War.
Operation Condor
This initiative received aid from foreign intelligence in Operation Charly. Court judges were impededfrom ruling against this initiative via Operation Silence, and MIR leaders Edgardo Enriquez and JorgeFuentes were attacked in this initiative. DINA contributed greatly to this operation, which forced MartinAlmada to listen to the torture of his wife over telephone. Archives of Terror in Asuncion recordedthe actions of this initiative, which was spearheaded by Augusto Pinochet.
Liberty of Congress
This institution was heavily damaged in a Christmas Eve 1851 fire that destroyed the majority ofits holdings. Charles Coffin Jewett competed with this organization while working for the Smithsonian.Ainsworth Rand Spofford wanted to make this institution a "repository of American culture" and lobbiedfor it to receive two copies of copyrighted items. After this institution was sacked by the British, ThomasJefferson sold his personal collection to it. For ten points, name this institution, the de facto nationallibrary of the United States
Georgia
This is the home state of President Trump's first Agriculture Secretary who, in 2003, became thisstate's first Republican governor since Reconstruction. A Congressman from this state became Speakerof the House in 1995 after working with Texas' Dick Armey on the "Contract with America." This statewas governed by a Democrat in the early 1970s who later beat Gerald Ford to become President. For thepoint, name this home state of politicians like Sonny Perdue, Newt Gingrich, and Jimmy Carter.
Aquino
This is the surname of Benigno, the rival politician who Marcos ordered assassinated in 1983,and Corazon, his wife who ruled the Philippines for six years after Marcos was toppled.
Sicily
This island's reconquest was led by the Hauteville family, whose Roger II elevated it to a kingdom.Pressing the claim of his wife Constance of Hohenstaufen, Peter III of Aragon was invited to conquer thisisland during its namesake Vespers. After the War of the Quadruple Alliance, the Habsburgs exchangedSardinia for this island with Victor Amadeus II of Savoy.
Baekje
This kingdom subsumed the Mahan Confederacy and had its first capital at Wirye Castle. A king ofthis nation moved the capital to Sabi and attempted to revive the Gaya Confederacy as a buffer state.This kingdom won a fifth-century war against the Northern Wei dynasty. The Seven-Branched Sword wasa gift given to Japan by this kingdom, which was legendarily founded by the sons of Jumong who, afterfleeing from Goguryeo [goh-goo-ryuh], settled in the basin of the Han River.
Idi amin
This leader allowed Barbet Schroeder to film a candid documentary about his country, titled for this leader and subtitled A Self Portrait
Ashoka Maurya
This leader appointed special officials called dharma mahamatras to propagate morality and relievesuffering. He attemped to convert Antiochus II Theos to his religion, as recounted in an inscription ona pillar. This monarch erected another pillar that features four lions standing on top of a drum, theLion Capital of Sarnath, one of many inscribed with his rock edicts.
Amin
This leader had his Chief Justice, Benedicto Kiwanuka, murdered shortly after taking power. As ageneral, this man forced his country's Kabaka people into exile at the Battle of Mengo Hill. This leadertook power in a coup while his predecessor was attending a Commonwealth Conference in Singapore. Thisleader was ousted after he launched a failed invasion of the Kagera region of his southern neighbor, andhe infamously gave his country's Asian population 90 days to leave the country. For the point, name thisUgandan dictator for most of the 1970s.
Kwame Nkrumah
This leader lost support after passing the Preventive Detention Act, which legalized arrest without due process.
Mandela
This leader of the ANC opened the Truth and Reconciliation Commission after being released from prison by F.W. de Klerk.
Indira Gandhi
This leader planned Operation Lal Dora, which was a proposed invasion of Mauritius.This leader's passing of the 26th amendment led to the abolition of the Privy Purse. Oneslogan used by this leader called to "garib hatao," or "abolish poverty." The (+) AllahabadHigh Court declared this leader's election null and void due to malpractice, which led to aperiod of rule by decree known as The (*) Emergency. After ordering Operation Blue Star, thisleader was assassinated by her Sikh Bodyguards.
Kwame Nkrumah
This leader powered his nation's aluminum smelters by building the Akosombo Dam on the Volta River.
Gaddafi
This leader proclaimed the establishment of the African Union in his hometown of Sirte.
Montezuma II
This leader was captured, and hundreds of his subjects killed, in the Massacre in the Great Temple.Bernal Diaz del Castillo's Historia describes this man, speaking from a balcony, being stoned by hissubjects while telling them to retreat from their enemy. Cuitlahuac [kweet lah wok] succeeded this man,whose death caused Pedro de Alvarado and hundreds of Europeans to flee the city in La Noche Triste.
Mugabe
This leader worked with Kim Il-Sung to create the elite Fifth Brigade, which he used to target political opponents in the gukurahundi campaign.
Hannibal
This leader's advance was so quick that his enemies, who had landed in Massilia, were forced toturn around after reaching the Rhone. This leader was opposed by a strategy of delay implemented bythe dictator Fabius. This general, who lost to Scipio Africanus at the Battle of Zama, collected the ringsof senators slain at the Battle of Cannae and marched elephants across the Alps.
Evo Morales
This leader's party rose to power after a series of protests against water privatization inthe city of Cochabamba. Shortly after being inaugurated, this leader of the Movement forSocialism adopted a (+) "Coca yes, Cocaine no!" farming policy in opposition to Americaninterests. In February 2016, this successor of Eduardo Rodriguez lost a referendum toextend his term limits to allow him to run again in 2020. In 2013, this leader's (*) flight outof Moscow was grounded in Vienna after it was suspected that his plane contained Edward Snowden.
Mugabe
This leader, who won his seventh term as president in 2013, is opposed by the Movement for Democratic Change.
Great Zimbabwe
This location was rediscovered by Adam Render and Karl Mauch, the latter of whom sent pressreports to Germany noting he had discovered Solomon's temple. The Eastern Enclosure of this location'sHill Complex is speculated to have held eight carved soapstone birds.
Taj MahaL
This location was the site of a massive gold shield until it was looted by the Jat people.Lapis lazuli from the walls of this location was looted by British regulars, though Lord (+)Curzon later ordered the restoration of this building. The Mahtab Bagh was discovered nearthis building, giving rise to a myth that it was supposed to be adjacent to a twin buildingmade of (*) black stone. A raised reflecting pool sits in front of this location, which was designed asa burial place for Mumtaz.
Kwame Nkrumah
This man accepted Soviet help to create the world's largest artificial lake by constructing the Akosombo Dam.
Salva Kiir
This man became President of South Sudan after its independence, then made the aforementionedJuly 2013 Cabinet purge.
Miranda
This man besieged Antwerp while commanding the Army of the North. Alongside Juan Cagigal,this man was imprisoned for participating in the Capture of the Bahamas without the permission ofhis Spanish superior. This captain of the Leander was inspired by a British organization to found arevolutionary Latin American secret society called Lautaro Lodge. This man toppled his country's colonialadministration in 1810, establishing the Supreme Junta of Caracas.
Idi amin
This man bestowed on himself a Doctorate in Law from Makerere University as well as the Victoria Cross.
Nasser
This man built a massive internal intelligence force under the leadership of Salah Nasr
Mobuto
This man built the palace at Gbadolite, and this man mandated that all television broadcasts begin with (*)) his face descending from the clouds.
Mandela
This man called a democratic and free society "an ideal for which I am prepared to die" while he was a co-defendant in the(*) Rivonia Trial.
Mandela
This man called for the sentence of Abdel al-Megrahi, the Lockerbie bomber, to be served in Libya, and for his conviction to be appealed.
Rayburn
This man called to connect the "frost belt with the sun belt" as he supported the construction ofRoute 66. This man, who refused payment from the Santa Fe Railroad Company, succeeded WilliamBankhead in his highest post. This politician commonly wore cowboy boots in his district and heldmeetings among a group of friends that he called the Board of Education. This prot´eg´e of John NanceGarner mentored Lyndon Johnson in the Senate.
Webster
This man claimed New England was not guilty of an intent to dissolve the Union in aspeech against James Monroe's conscription plan. Following John Tyler's decision to breakwith party lines, this man was the only member of Tyler's (+) cabinet not to resign. Ina reply to Robert Hayne, this man declared that the US government was "made (*) forthe people, made by the people, and answerable to the people." For ten points, name this Massachusettssenator who said "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!"
Pat Robertson
This man commented that Hurricane Katrina was retribution from God while hosting the 700 Club.
Sigmond Freud
This man conceived of the "death drive" in a book attributing human behavior to sexual drive
Ben Franklin
This man created America's first library and invented the bifocals
Mandela
This man described the Arab League as "subservience to Zionism and Imperialism."
Nasser
This man described the Arab League as "subservience to Zionism and Imperialism."
Nasser
This man described the Arab sphere, the African sphere, and the Muslim sphere in his Philosophy of Revolution.
Ben Franklin
This man drafted the Plan of Union as a delegate to the Albany Conference, and drew the (*) "Join or Die" political cartoon
Fredrick Douglass
This man fled Talbot County and wrote an autobiographical work describing learning to read in the sand.
Mobuto
This man forged an alliance by marrying off his wife's annoying best friend to Holden Roberto.
Nasser
This man launched his Liberation Rally party and imprisoned his predecessor, Mohamed Naguib, a leader of the Free Officers who helped him overthrow (*) Farouk
Nyerere
This man led a one-party state through his Chama Cha Mapinduzi, or Party of the Revolution, and instituted the "parastatal" boards to control trade in each major good
Jp Morgan
This man lent crucial money to the federal government during both the Panic of (+) 1893 and the Panic of 1907
Idi amin
This man lost power following an attempt to annex a neighboring country's Kagera region
Kwame Nkrumah
This man married a woman selected by Gamal Nasser, named Fathia Rizk, and he also enjoyed a close platonic relationship with his secretary Erica Powell
Mugabe
This man met secretly with British Foreign Minister David Owen and US Secretary Andrew Young to sign the Malta Accords as his foremost opponent was signing the Internal Settlement with Abel Muzorewa and Ndabaningi Sithole.
Mao
This man met with Nikita Khrushchev in an outdoor pool and, exploiting Khrushchev's poorswimming, humiliatingly offered him water wings. Pakistan's foreign minister inadvertently caused a masshysteria by presenting mangoes to this man. Enver Hoxha [ho-cha] was the only leader to support thisman in a decade-long political struggle over de-Stalinization. For the point, name this Chinese leader whooversaw the Sino-Soviet split and whose sayings are collected in the "Little Red Book."
Magic Johnson
This man notes how he "will miss the battles and the wars" after thanking a man called "Coop" for"standing side by side." In that speech, this man appreciated the support of "the Commissioner, DavidStern," and after affirming that his wife Cookie had "no problem," he pledged "I plan on going on livingfor a long time." Despite giving that retirement speech, this man was later able to play on the 1992 DreamTeam with longtime rival Larry Bird.
Mobuto
This man overthrew Patrice Lumumba and turned him over to Moise Tshombe's Katangese Government for execution.
Henry IV
This man replaced "The False Monk" in the Synod of Brixen, and his son signed theConcordat of Worms. Robert Guiscard forced this man's retreat from Rome. This manbeat forces under Otto of Nordheim at the Battle of (+) Langensalza while Rudolf ofRheinfelden revolted against this man in the Great Saxon Revolt. Wearing a hairshirt, thisman repented while (*) traveling to Matilda of Tuscany's castle. This man embarked on the Walk toCanossa during a conflict with Pope Gregory VII.
Henry 4
This man replaced "The False Monk" in the Synod of Brixen, and his son signed theConcordat of Worms. Robert Guiscard forced this man's retreat from Rome. This manbeat forces under Otto of Nordheim at the Battle of (+) Langensalza while Rudolf ofRheinfelden revolted against this man in the Great Saxon Revolt. Wearing a hairshirt, thisman repented while (*) traveling to Matilda of Tuscany's castle. This man embarked on the Walk toCanossa during a conflict with Pope Gregory VII. For ten points, name this Holy Roman Emperor whosuffered excommunication during the Lay Investiture Controversy.
Nasser
This man rose to power by continuing an impassioned speech despite being shot at by an assassin.
Horatio Nelson
This man rose to prominence as a subordinate of John Jervis at the Battle of Cape St. Vincent. Thisman's forces intercepted Pierre-Charles Villeneuve after they left Cadiz. This man, who lost an arm whileleading an attack on Copenhagen, ordered that the message "England expects that every man will do hisduty" be sent aboard his flagship, the HMS Victory.
Atahualpa
This man ruled the Incan empire for a few months before Pizarro captured him, briefly let himrule as a puppet, collected his ransom rooms, and executed him in 1533
Nyerere
This man was instrumental in the coup which brought France-Albert Rene to power in Seychelles, and also in installing Yusuf Lule as president of a bordering nation.
Kwame Nkrumah
This man was named co-President with Ahmed Toure
Kwame Nkrumah
This man was opposed by Dr. Joseph Danquah before leading the Convention People's Party to victory in a parliamentary election held in (*)) 1953.
Nyerere
This man was replaced by Nelson Mandela as chief mediator in the Burundi conflict.
Saddam Hussein
This man was targeted by Dawa Party members in a 1982 assassination attempt; in its aftermath,he ordered hundreds of thousands of acres of date palm orchards razed and signed execution orders for148 people. This head of state and his cousin oversaw the al-Anfal, or the "Spoils of War" campaign, agenocide in which five thousand people were killed by a gas attack in Halabja. This leader was capturedin Tikrit in 2003 and hanged for crimes against humanity in 2006.
Pope Gregory I
This man was the first monk to become pope, and adopted the title "Servant of the servants of God" to contrast with the Eastern title of Ecumenical [ECK-yoo-MEN-ih-cull] Patriarch.
Nasser
This man wrote of a plan to rule 55 million, then 224 million, then 420 million people in his bookPhilosophy of the Revolution.
Mugabe
This man's North Korean-trained Fifth Brigade engaged in the genocidal Gukurahundi against Ndebele supporters of another rival, Joshua Nkomo.
Mugabe
This man's former sports and recreation minister was arrested in late December 2017 after failing to account for 10 tons of beans on his farm.
Mark Antony
This man's general Ventidius [ven-TID-ee-uss] drove the Parthians [PAR-thee-uns] out of Asia Minor.
Malcolm X
This man's grandson was murdered 16 years after he set fire to an apartment, killing his grandmother,this man's widow. This man disputed that his father died in a streetcar accident, instead believing hewas killed by the Black Legion, who had burned down their house. In 1995, this man's daughter Qubilahadmitted to a plot to kill Louis Farrakhan, who she held responsible for this man's death. This manclaimed his ancestors had been imposed on by a "blue-eyed devil" when explaining changing his surnameto reflect his lost African heritage.
Vlad the Impaler
This man's half-brother, nicknamed "the Monk," helped build St. Nicholas Church.Hamza, Bey of Nicopolis, died because he failed to capture this man; John Jiskra didcapture this man, who was imprisoned in (+) Vysegrad [vish-eh-grahd] on the orders ofMatthias Corvinus. This man's older brother Mircea was killed by Janos Hunyadi. Afterrefusing to pay the jizya tax, this man led a (*) night raid on the Ottomans at Targoviste.
Mishima
This man's highly critical work The Voices of the Heroic Dead claimed that a leader's decisionsrendered millions of deaths in vain. This founder of the Shield Society asked a gathering crowd "why doyou defend a constitution that denies you yourself?" while wearing a headband reading "Serve the Nationfor Seven Lives." Masakatsu Morita unsuccessfully attempted to behead this man in the aftermath of araid on the Self-Defense Force's Ichigaya office.
Yuri Gagarin
This man's whistling of "The Motherland Hears, The Motherland Knows" inspired the tune of apatriotic song titled the "Constellation of" this man. This man's apocryphal claim that he "didn't see anyGod" was used in anti-religious campaigns by Nikita Khrushchev, who referred to this man as the "NewColumbus." This man famously exclaimed "poyekhali" before the beginning of his mission aboard Vostok1. For the point, name this Soviet cosmonaut who, in 1961, became the first man to enter outer space.
Mugabe
This man's wife became known as "Gucci Grace" because of her expensive shopping trips, and fears over her succeeding to the presidency led to this man's overthrow.
Kwame Nkrumah
This man, whose Convention People's Party led his country to independence, oversaw its renaming for a medieval Sahel kingdom instead of the colonial "Gold Coast"
Ivory
This material makes up a Paleolithic sculpture of a woman's head found in 1892 and called the Venusof Brassempuoy. The Lewis chessmen, discovered in Scotland in 1831, were carved from this material.Along with gold and wood, this material was used to create Phidias' statues of both Zeus at Olympiaand the Athena Parthenos.
Iriquois
This nation's custom of "mourning wars" may have led to conflicts with the Anishinaabe [ah-nish-uh-NAH-bee], among others, and it signed the Treaty of Fort Stanwix with the British following the Royal Proclamation of 1763
Africa
This non-Europe continent's "Character" was described in an 1830 work by Hegel that elucidated theidea of the "Absolute" in philosophy. Jean-Paul Sartre wrote the preface to one work by an author fromthis country that applied Marxist principles to colonialism; that work was Frantz Fanon's The Wretchedof the Earth. Edward Said [sai eed] argued against the stereotyping of the northern part of this non-Asiacontinent in his Orientalism.
Hanseatic League
This organization established the (+) London Steelyard as one of its kontores, or offices, which were also found in Novgorod and Antwerp.
Dutch East India
This organization formed a contingent of mercenaries under Charles-Daniel de Meuron whodisastrously defected in exchange for unpaid wages. This organization employed the governor FrederickCoyett, who surrendered Fort Zeelandia to Koxinga [ko-shinga] after a lengthy siege. An officer in thisorganization, Jan Coen [yan co-en], drove out the native population of the Banda Islands and establishedthe post of Batavia at the site of present-day Jakarta. For ten points, name this organization thatcontrolled the spice trade for the Netherlands in the Colonial era.
Hanseatic League
This organization fought pirates called the Victual Brothers and signed the Treaty of Stralsund with Valdemar IV.
EU
This organization, which guarantees the single market, grew out of an agreement between the "inner six" to trade coal and steel.
Winter Queen
This period of time provides the nickname of the queen Elizabeth Stuart, the eldest daughter ofJames I. During this period of time in 1947, Manny Shinwell was vilified by the British public for failingto maintain adequate supplies of coal. The headline "Crisis? What crisis?" ran during an instance ofstrife named after this period of time, during which James Callaghan's government instituted pay capsand lost an election to the Conservative Party under Margaret Thatcher. For ten points, what period "ofdiscontent" names a blizzard-filled season in 1979?
Rosenthal
This photographer captured the iconic Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima picture.
Noriega
This politician attracted controversy and massive protests for his murder of the activist HugoSpadafora and his alleged role in the death of his predecessor, Omar Torrijos. After this man claimedsanctuary in a Catholic church, Navy SEALs blasted rock music outside the compound for three days ofpsychological warfare. Operation Just Cause targeted this man's country, despited his previous service asa CIA ally in the War on Drugs.
Churchill
This politician called Russia "a riddle, wrapped up in a mystery, inside an enigma."
Nasser
This politician decried the forced removal of Ali Maher as an attack on his nation's sovereignty.
Dukakis
This poltician employed the first female campaign manager for a major Americanparty, Susan Estrich. This politician clinched a nomination shortly after the frontrunnerwas photographed aboard the Monkey Business with Donna Rice, though this man washurt by his stoic reaction when (+) Bernard Shaw asked him about a hypothetical rape ofhis wife Kitty. To counteract the public's perception of this man as "soft," he released a(*) disastrous advertisement of him aboard an Abrams tank.
Eisenhower
This president denied IMF assistance to one country to help halt Operation Musketeer.
Obama
This president signed the Matthew Shepard Hate Crimes Prevention Act, which expanded the 1969federal hate-crimes law and required the FBI to track statistics on hate crimes on the basis of gender.Other major statutes passed under this president include the Ledbetter Fair Pay Act and a repeal of theDon't Ask, Don't Tell policy. This president issued the DACA and DAPA executive orders on immigrationand enacted the Dodd-Frank Act.
Opium
This product names a conflict during which the (+) Taku forts were destroyed that was sparked by the boarding of the H. M. S. Arrow.
Opium
This product was blended with more palatable herbs in order to create madak [mah-dokk].
Sulieman the Magnificent
This ruler besieged Esztergom [EZZ-turr-gohm] and defeated Louis II at the Battle of Mohacs [MOH-hotch] to conquer Hungary
Akhenaten
This ruler employed the sculptor Bek, and the blocks used for construction during thisruler's reign were known as talatats. This man's correspondence with Tushratta, king of theMittani, discussed his marriage with Tadukhipa; those (+) letters were recovered by JorgenAlexander Knudtzon on clay tablets at Amarna. Thutmose sculpted a bust of this man'swife, (*) Nefertiti, and this ruler was succeeded by his supposed son, Smenkhkare.
Alexander the great
This ruler interrupted a campaign to visit the oracle of Amun [ah-moon] at the Siwa oasis.
Charles Martel
This ruler placed Chlotar IV on the throne of Austrasia after winning the Battle ofVincy. This leader came to power after defeating the Neustrians under King Chilperic II andRagenfrid at the Battle of (+) Ambl`eve [AM blev]. In this leader's most famous victory,enemy forces believed their loot was being raided and thus retreated; that victory occurredwhen he came to the aid of Odo, Duke of Aquitaine, against (*) Abd al-Rahman near Poitiers[pwah tee ay].
Mobuto
This ruler promoted the wearing of abacosts as part of his (*)) decolonization campaign, called authenticité, which included the renaming of cities like Leopoldville.
Charlamagne
This ruler repressed the "pride and folly" of Tassilo, the rebellious Duke of Bavaria, and fought battles against the Avars that rendered Pannonia [pann-OH-nee-uh] an uninhabitable wasteland.
Kublai Khan
This ruler sent a punitive expedition against the Singhasari Kingdom on the island of Java. Thoughhe managed to establish suzerainty over the Kingdom of Pagan, he was repulsed at the Battle of BachDang by Tran Hung Dao. After the death of his older brother, this ruler waged a destructive civil waragainst his youngest brother Ariq Boke in the Toluid Civil War. The remnants of the Southern SongDynasty were defeated by this man at the Battle of Yamen.
Elizebeth 1
This ruler was denounced as illegitimate by Pope Pius V in the bull Regnans in Excelsis after refusingto persecute minority religions. The use of fireships at Gravelines [grah-vel-een] allowed this ruler to staveoff enemy invasion. While preparing for an imminent attack from the Spanish Armada, this ruler inspiredthe troops at Tilbury by claiming to possess the "body of a weak, feeble woman" but the "heart andstomach of a king." Anne Boleyn was the mother of, for ten points, what Virgin Queen of 16th centuryEngland?
Franco
This ruler's government was challenged by the Green March. The Vertical Syndicate was the onlylabor union allowed in this ruler's country. The Valley of the Fallen was commissioned by this man as asymbol of reconciliation. This ruler's prime minister was killed in Operation Ogre by Basque separatists.The death of Jos´e Sanjurjo helped propel this man to power.
Sulieman the Magnificent
This ruler's successor was given the Shahnama [SHAH-nuh-mah] of Shah Tahmasp [TAH-mosp].
Sulieman the Magnificent
This ruler, who allied with Francis I and sponsored Piri Reis [PEER-ee RAY-iss], was the first ruler served by the Grand Vizier Mehmed Sokullu Pasha [soh-KOOL-uh POSH-uh] and was married to Hurrem Sultan [HOOR-em SOOL-tahn].
Sulieman the Magnificent
This ruler, who was nicknamed for his law-giving abilities, seized Baghdad.
Lister
This scientist's father developed achromatic lenses to perfect the optical microscope.
Angor Wat
This site's inner gallery, or Bakan, is speculated to have been flooded as a form of art depicting thesupposed center of the universe. The Preah Poan, or Hall of a Thousand Gods, within this complex, oncecontained numerous images of the Buddha. This complex was built in Yasodharapura [yaso-dara-pura] asa depiction of Mount Meru during the reign of Suryavarman II, a ruler of the Khmer Empire.
New jersey
This state was the only one of the original thirteen states not to restrict voting by race or genderuntil 1807, when it restricted the vote to white, property-owning men. The legend of Molly Pitcheroriginated from a battle in this state, which names the William Paterson-proposed small state plan forthe legislature at the Constitutional Convention. Johann Rall was killed after George Washington crossedthe Delaware River into, for the point, what state where the Battle of Trenton was fought
Manchukuo
This state's creation was opposed by peasant brotherhoods like the Red Spear Society and the BigSwords Society. After this state captured Rehe, it signed the Tanggu Truce, creating a demilitarized zoneto its south. A border dispute between this state and Soviet Mongolia erupted at the Battle of KhalkhinGol. The Lytton Report denounced a staged explosion on a railway near Mukden that caused the invasioncreating this state.
Mugabe
This successor of Canaan Banana refused to yield power after losing to Morgan Tsvangirai in a2005 presidential election.
GameCube
This system used a popular wireless controller called the (*) WaveBird, though it was criticized for its proprietary miniDVD format.
Aristotle
This thinker's concept of the "efficient cause" in the natural world was continued by his successor,Theophrastus. A graded scale of perfection established by this man to classify living organisms is knownas his "Great Chain of Being." This philosopher, who was exiled by Eurymedon the Hierophant, wasaccused by Hagnothemis of poisoning his most famous pupil, Alexander the Great. For ten points, namethis Ancient Greek founder of the Lyceum and student of Plato.
First Iraq War
This war included the Battle of Norfolk, a tank battle fought the day after the Battle of 73 Easting.The health effects of this conflict were investigated in the Riegle Report, which concluded that soldierswere exposed to chemical weapons. A stretch of road in this conflict was named the "Highway of Death,"as many soldiers were killed trying to retreat to the Euphrates. Norman Schwarzkopf led coalition troopsin, for ten points, what early 1990's war in response to an invasion of Kuwait?
Horse theft
This was the first crime for which the outlaw John Murrell was imprisoned. Doc Middleton wasone of the most notorious committers of this crime, which inspired the creation of a society in Dedham,Massachusetts aimed at cracking down on it. This was the only crime for which Belle Starr was everarrested. Migrants heading westward were often victims of this crime at the hands of Great Plains Indianswho were looking to improve the speed at which they could track buffalo. For the point, name this crime,the speciality of a gang called the "Pony Boys."
Osirak
This was the nuclear reactor targeted in Operations Scorched Sword and Opera. Its name wasinspired by an Egyptian god.
EU
This winner of the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize was created by the Treaty of Maastricht [mass-strict], but is currently threatened by the possible "Grexit."
Julia Howe
This woman served as the first president of the New England Woman Suffrage Association, and herhusband Samuel was a member of the Secret Six. A pacifist Mother's Day Proclamation was issued bythis woman, who wrote a work that describes a figure who "loosed the fateful lightning of His terribleswift sword;" that work adopted the melody used in "John Brown's Body" and repeats the line "glory,glory, hallelujah!" For ten points, name this lyricist of the "Battle Hymn of the Republic."
Mugabe
Thisman addressed protesters during the March of Seven Thousand
Kenyatta
Thisman promoted nation-building with the slogan "Harambee" and in 1969 arrested his rival andone-time vice president, the (*)) Luo chieftain Oginga Odinga.
texas
Thomas Van Orden sued this state in 2002 to take down a display of the TenCommandments; the case was argued at the Supreme Court by this state's AttorneyGeneral, who became Governor after defeating pro-choice State Senator Wendy (+) Davisin 2014. The previous governor of this state currently serves as head of the Department ofEnergy, a department that he proposed to eliminate in his 2012 presidential bid. Anotherformer governor of this state promoted the (*) No Child Left Behind Act after he was electedpresident in 2000. For ten points, name this state that has been governed by Greg Abbott, Rick Perry,and George W. Bush.
Rommel
Though this general was pushed back to Gazala during Operation Crusader, he managed to captureTobruk from Claude Auchinleck shortly after. This man's strategy of setting wooden poles to block gliderlandings led the logs to become known as this man's "asparagus." This man was put in charge of defendingthe Atlantic Wall during D-Day two years after he lost to Bernard Montgomery at the First Battle ofEl Alamein.
Indian National Congress
Three generations of politicians from this party have been (*) prime minister, beginning with Jawaharlal [juh-wah-har-lull] Nehru
Alamo
Three months prior to this battle, its central location was seized from troops under Martin Perfectode Cos. Immediately after this battle, the losing side launched a massive retreat called the RunawayScrape. Susanna Dickinson was one of the few survivors of this battle, which was a two-week siege thatclaimed the lives of James Bowie and Davy Crockett. For the point, name this 1836 battle in which a SanAntonio mission was captured by Santa Anna's army, inspiring a rallying cry to "Remember" it.
Japan
Three works of art from this country appear in the background of a painting of the art supplier P`ereTanguy ["pear" tan-ghee]. A work from this country showing plum branches was copied in an oil paintingthat added an orange border with nonsensical characters. A wood-based art form from this countrywas introduced to van Gogh and other European artists after trade with the Dutch was opened on theartificial island of Dejima.
Mexico City
Two sprinters made a salute to "Black Power" at the 1968 Summer Olympics held in this city
Hotel
Type of building where Paul Rusesabagina hid over 1,200 refugees of the genocide.
Quasi war
Unofficial war between the U.S. and France that was ended by the Conventions of 1800.
Kwame Nkrumah
Unrest derived from this leader's attempts to control the rapidly rising price of cocoa led to the creation of the National Liberation Movement opposing him.
South Sea bubble
Walpole made his fortune by wisely getting out at the top of this financial event, then came topower in the wake of its collapse and creating a sinking fund to reduce England's national debt.
Eisenhower
Was re-elected President of the United States? 1956
Battle of Hattin
Was the 1187 crushing defeat for the Kingdom of Jerusalem that prompted the launch of the Third Crusade?
Marion
Was the South Carolina "Swamp Fox" who led guerrilla warfare against the British?
Constantinople
Was the city, notably not in the Holy Land, was the capital of an Empire led by Alexius I?
Isreal
Was the country that joined France and Britain in briefly seizing control of the Suez Canal in 1956?
Cromwell
When this man's son used the pseudonym John Clarke, the confusion led the Prince of Conti to insulthim. George Monck fought alongside this ruler at the Battle of Dunbar and was made commander-in-chiefof Scotland. John Lambert wrote the Instrument of Government during this man's rule. After the siegeof Drogheda, this man ordered the New Model Army to spare no one.
Cahokia
Where Monks Mound was built? Once of the largest cities in the Americas, it is currently next to St. Louis.
Nazi Germany
While working for this government, an orphaned radio specialist aids in the hunt for the Sea of Flamejewel in Anthony Doerr's Pulitzer-winning novel All the Light We Cannot See. Annemarie Johansen foolsa canine unit employed by this government using a basket laced with cocaine in a novel in which a groupof refugees flee to Sweden from this government's reach.
Machu Picchu
Whose ruins are on a peak overlooking Peru's Urubamba [ooh-roo-BAHM-buh] Valley?
Colombia
country with whom the U.S. wanted to sign the Hay-Herran Treaty regarding ownership of Panama.
Kwame Nkrumah
first prime minister and president of an independent Ghana.
Nasser
founder of the Non-Aligned Movement
Chittagong
second largest Bangladeshi city whose armory was raided in 1930 by independence seekers?
Waterberg
was where Lothar von Trotha decisively defeated the Herero, forcing them to escape through theOmaheke Desert.
Meshad
Shortly after the 1921 coup, Reza Pahlavi's troops massacred people in the Goharshad Mosque,part of the Imam Reza Shrine Complex in this second-largest Iranian city.
Guiteau
Stalwart assassin who killed Garfield.
Rosetta Stone
Stone dedicated to Ptolemy V that was used to decipher hieroglyphics
Russia
Successor state to the Soviet Union whose capital is Moscow.
Milligan
Supreme Court case that Garfield argued, concerning five Hoosiers who were improperly tried in amilitary tribunal.
Solar cell
Swanson's Law states that the price of these items falls 20 percent for every doubling of industrycapacity. The Shockley-Queisser limit gives the theoretical maximum efficiency of these devices, whichoperate when absorption results in electron-hole pairs. In 2017, a hoax claimed that lobbyists madeit illegal to use these devices in the aftermath of Hurricane Irma; in reality, safety laws require theirdisconnection from the grid to protect repair crews and linemen. A start-up company that built thesedevices, Solyndra, went bankrupt in 2011. For the point, name these photovoltaic devices that convertsunlight into electricity.
Churchill
Taking office after Neville Chamberlain resigned, this politician led his country through the Battle of Britain.
Five Civilized Tribes
Tecumseh journeyed West in a failed attempt to ally with this five member tribal group. Thisgroup, composed of the Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Choctaw and Chickasaw, received its name because itadopted Western customs.
Gaddafi
Telex messages relayed by agents of this successor of King Idris to his embassy in East Berlin resulted in his implication in the 1986 Berlin disco bombing, which led to the death of his infant daughter Hanna in ensuing airstrikes.
Stonewall Inn Riot
Tensions leading up to this event were heightened due to similar events at the Tele-Star,the Checkerboard, the Snake Pit, and the Sewer. In the aftermath of this event, MariaRitter stated her second biggest fear was being shown in the newspaper (+) wearing hermother's dress. This event was described as the "Hairpin Drop Heard Around the World"by the Mattachine Society. This event took place at an establishment owned by the (*)Genovese crime family that operated without a liquor license. For ten points, name this 1969 riot inGreenwich [gren-itch] Village, New York that began with a police raid on the namesake gay bar.
Embargo
Term for ceasing trade to a foreign nation, as the U.S. did to France with an 1807 act.
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
Turkish nationalist leader who became the first president of modern Turkey in the 1920's and set about to modernize and Westernize Turkey, including making it more secular
Yom Kippur War
UN Security Council 338 called for an end to this war. The decisive Operation Gazelle altered thecourse of this war. Fort Budapest was attacked early on in this war, which begun with Operation Badr.The battle of Chinese Farm was fought in order for one side to establish a canal bridgehead in this war.The Agranat Commission noted that Golda Meir was not responsible for being caught off guard in thiswar, which began with a surprise Syrian attack on the Golan Heights.
Enigma
Under this project, Gordon Welchman invented the bombe ["bomb"] at Bletchley Park with the help of (*) Alan Turing, and its success meant accurate tracking of U-boat movements
Juan Peron
Under this ruler, Juan Pistarini served as Minister of Public Works and built a massive internationalairport. After this man mysteriously lost his secretary general Jose Rucci to assassins, he ordered JoseRega to fund the Triple A death squad to counteract left-wing extremists. In 1973, this man planned amassacre of leftist Montoneros who had come to an airport to welcome this man from exile. This man,who was supported by the descamisados, or the shirtless ones, died in 1974 and was succeeded by his thirdwife, Isabel.
1848
Year in which Austria and Hungary gave up serfdom and revolutions occurred all over Europe duringthe "Spring of Nations."
Mugabe
Yet another rival of this man led the Congress of Trade Unions out of his party in 1999 and founded the Movement for Democratic Change, becoming prime minister in 2009, despite possibly beating this man in the 2008 presidential election; that politician is Morgan Tsvangirai.
Nyerere
An article by Bonny Ibhawoh about "Deconstructing" a concept developed by this man suggests that that concept was unique because it completely rejected the concept of class struggle.
Idi amin
An early public relations victory in this man's reign was providing a royal burial for the Kabaka Mutebi II.
Chichen Itza
An early recorded name for this location translates as "Seven Lines of Abnal." D´esir´eCharnay provided a modern survey of this site, which was conquered by Hunac Ceel. Aroad called a sacbe connects this site to a location at which (+) Chaac was worshiped; thatsinkhole, north of this city, is the Sacred Cenote [sen-OH-teh]. Thirteen ballcourts can befound at this site, where the deity (*) Kukulcan is the dedicatee of a large step pyramid.
Gideon v. Wainwright
An expanded public defender system was set up as a result of this case's holding
California
An influx of (*) immigration led this state to pass laws limiting the rights of Chinese to hold property.
Agincourt
An initial cavalry charge in this battle failed miserably and churned the field with mud, thus impairing subsequent advances on foot by forces led by the Constable of France
Aouzou Strip
An observer group to oversee the withdrawal of an army from this region was established in UnitedNations Security Council resolution 915. At an ad hoc conference held by the OAU regarding possessionof this territory, one nation claimed that President Tombalbaye conceded it. Land Cruisers were usedin this uranium-rich region during an offensive that expelled a bordering nation's army from this regionduring the Toyota War.
Indus River Valley
An old name for one of this civilization's cities may have been "the place of the cockerel," wherechickens were bred for religiously motivated fights rather than food. The world's first sewer systemsmay have been built by this civilization, whose artifacts include a bearded soapstone man dubbed the"Priest-King" and a bronze "Dancing Girl."
Aluminum
An ornament found in the tomb of Zhou Chu from the 3rd century mysteriously consists almostentirely of this metal. The first recorded extraction of this metal was in 1825 by Christian Oersted, whoheated its chloride with potassium. In industry, this metal is usually extracted by using the Hall-H´eroultprocess. Karl Bayer discovered a way to refine this metal's oxide from bauxite. For ten points, name thismost abundant in the Earth's crust, a metal often used in soda cans.
Islamic ban on alcohol
Anas ibn Malik noted that some of the fallen at the Battle of 'Uhud had broken thispractice; he noted that Allah revealed that no blame would be attached if "they fear Allahand believe and do righteous deeds." The caliph Umar criticized "the Sword of God,"Khalid ibn al-Walid, for breaking this practice while (+) taking baths. The "joy of all Rus"[roose] would have violated this practice, and so Vladimir the Great chose not to (*) converthis people to a certain religion.
North Sea
At a battle in this body of water, the Mainz was sunk by a fleet under Reginald Tyrwhitt. Thatfirst naval battle of the First World War was held in a bight of this body of water. In this body of water,Admiral Rozhestvensky failed to offer lifeboats after attacking a trawler fleet that was mistakenly thoughtto be part of the Japanese Navy. In a 1916 battle in this body of water, John Jellicoe defeated a Germanfleet. The Dogger Bank incident took place in, for ten points, what sea bordering the United Kingdomand Scandinavia?
Mitt Romney
At an Iowa state fair, this man told a protester "corporations are people, my friend." In November2016, Donald Trump was photographed having dinner with this former "never Trump"er, who was hopingto be Trump's pick for Secretary of State. Rick Perry called this man a "vulture capitalist," attacking himfor causing job losses while he led Bain Capital. A relatively popular health care reform bill was passed in2006 while this man served as Governor of Massachusetts.
Gaddafi
At the World Food Summit, this leader gave a lecture to 500 Italian girls in an attempt to convert them to Islam.
Mugabe
At the funeral of one of his Cabinet officers in March 2003, this man stated that he is the "Hitler of the time."
Hajj
Augustine Podmore Williams scandalously abandoned a group of participants in one of these eventsto die on an abandoned ship in a hurricane, inspiring Joseph Conrad's novel Lord Jim. Iranian diplomatGhazanfar Roknabadi died during this event in the 2015 Mina Stampede. During this event, participantsthrow pebbles at the jamarat, representing the Devil. Travelers walk around the Kaaba seven timescounter-clockwise as part of, for ten points, what Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca?
Medina
Burial place of Muhammad and ancient capital of his empire, the second-holiest city in Islam.
Kelly
Bushranger whose gang robbed banks and trains until a final shootout at Glenrowan in 1880.
Buddhists
Cable 243 authorized a coup after a government's suppression of these people.Journalists covering the persecution of these people included Peter Arnett andMalcolm Browne, both of whom were targeted by secret police on Double Seven Day.The term (+) "barbecue" was derisively used by Madame Nhu to describe the actionsof one of these people, (*) Thich Quang Duc [thik kwang dook], who had self-immolated toprotest the regime of Ngo Dinh Diem [no din dee-em]. For ten points, name this religious groupwhose pagodas were often raided by South Vietnamese police.
Buffalo Soldiers
Camp Bettens was created by this organization. After Philip Clarke told Frederick Ryder of a deadcow, this group engaged the Yaqui in Bear Valley, Arizona. At the Battle of Ambos Nogales, this groupwas led by Frederick Herman. Charles Young and Benjamin Grierson were leaders of this group. Over100 of these people were dishonorably discharged in 1906 after evidence was planted against them inthe Brownsville affair.
Dallaire
Canadian force commander who warned the UN of the genocide and wrote Shake Hands With theDevil about it.
Kigali
Capital city of Rwanda, where some of the first outbreaks of genocide began.
Doha
Capital city on the Persian Gulf where Al Jazeera was launched in 1996.
Canberra
Capital of Australia, a planned city designed in the early 20th century.
Mandela
Captured in an iconic photo of its main participant with his fist raised together with his wife Winnie
Arbil
City in Iraqi Kurdistan whose namesake citadel was sieged by the Mongols for 6 months in 1258?
Caen
City on the Orne River that was liberated by the Canadians on July 9th, more than a month behind schedule?
Paris
City where an 1871 socialist "Commune" was suppressed following its country's loss to Prussia.
Italy
Clive Caldwell praised an "undervalued" aircraft produced by this country, a plane nicknamedFolgore that was developed from the C200 Saetta. This country formed the CAI to fight in the Battle ofBritain, and one of its ships later became the Yugoslavian presidential yacht Galeb. After this country'snaval signals were intercepted by the Allies, it lost the Battle of Cape Matapan in 1941, and one of itsLittorio-class battleships was sunk by German Fritz-Xs after it signed an armistice with the Allies in1943. For the point, name this country whose Regia Marina was led by Admiral Angelo Iachino.
Nasser
Eighteen years later, he sparked international controversy through a secret arrangement with Czechoslovakia for weapons.
Quakers
Elizabeth Harris was one of the first preachers of this religious group in America. Diary-writer JohnWoolman convinced many members of this religious group to free their slaves. Mary Dyer was one of threepeople from this group executed in Massachusetts called the Boston Martyrs. A leader of this group signeda treaty with the Lenape under a white oak tree, established a colony dubbed the "Holy Experiment,"and founded the city of Philadelphia. For the point, name this religious group once led by William Pennthat is also known as the Society of Friends.
Tobacco
Commodity that was banned with gambling in 1848, triggering the "Five Days of Milan."
2008 Recession
Credit default swaps and institutions like commercial paper conduits and investment banks which make up the "shadow banking" system failed during this period, during which AIG took the largest bailout in government history.
Iran-iraq war
Critics of American coverage of this war note that the media believed that one side'ssoldiers held plastic keys that would grant them instant access to paradise. The USS Starkwas hit by two (+) Exocet missiles launched by one side during this conflict. This conflictwas ended by UN Resolution 528, which restored pre-war boundaries according to theAlgiers Agreement. Operation (*) Scorch Sword was an unsuccessful attempt by one side in thisconflict to destroy the other's Osirak reactor.
Naseby
Cromwell won this decisive June 1645 battle against Prince Rupert of the Rhine, a year afterthe Battle of Marston Moor. The Parliamentarian victory at this battle allowed the recovery of Leicester
Erdogan[air-doh-wan]
Current President of Turkey.
Netenyahu
Current Prime Minister of Israel.
Nouri al-Maliki
Current Vice President of Iraq, who served as Prime Minister for 8 years after the end of theTransitional Government in 2006.
Wilmot Proviso
Failed law that would have prevented the extension of slavery in newly-acquired territory from Mexico.
Battle of Hastings
Feigned retreats lead to the thinning of the shield wall at this battle, although the death of one commander was the deciding factor.
Guano
Fertilizer whose presence on an island allowed U.S. citizens to seize that island, according to an 1856law.
Tel aviv
Financial center of Israel from which the US embassy is slated to be moved
Mugabe
Fireforce tactics were used against this man's forces in one war by a force partially supported by John Vorster.
Victor Emmanuel 2
First King of united Italy, known as the "Father of the Fatherland."
David Ben-Gurion
First Prime Minister of Israel, who led it through the war
Lee Kuan Yew
First Prime Minister of an independent Singapore
Enigma
For 10 points, identify this project which allowed the Allies to read Axis encrypted communications by deciphering a certain machine.
Spain
For 10 points, much of the fighting during the Peninsular War occurred in what country that borders Portugal?
Chariot Races
For 10 points, name these contests that involved carts pulled by horses
schism
For 10 points, name these events, including a "great" one during which anti-popes were elected.
Battle of Hastings
For 10 points, name this 1066 victory for William the Conqueror that lead to the Norman conquest of England.
English civil war
For 10 points, name this 17th century conflict in which the Long Parliament defeated Stuart royalists
Liberia
Independent country with capital Monrovia that was founded by the American Colonization Societyas a country for former slaves.
Indira Gandhi
Indian prime minister in 1971 who supported the independence of Bangladesh?
Torture
Lynn Hunt argues that empathy surrounding this practice led to the formation of human rights.Frederick the Great immediately banned this practice upon assuming the throne, although he kept thedecree secret to preserve this practice's deterrent effect. Discipline and Punish opens with an accountof Damiens publicly undergoing this practice before his death. A 1764 essay entitled "On Crimes andPunishments" denounces the death penalty and this "irrational" practice.
Pol Pot
Malcolm Caldwell was murdered hours after meeting with this man. Nate Thayer, one of the fewforeign journalists to interview this man, theorized that he killed himself to avoid being handed over toAmerica. In 1985, this man selected a successor: Son Sen, who had earlier overseen S-21. Nuon Chea, whobriefly interrupted this man's term as Prime Minister, was this man's second-in-command and known as"Brother Number Two." For the point, name this first prime minister of Democratic Kampuchea, theleader of the Khmer Rouge.
Gaddafi
More recently, he lambasted Switzerland for arresting his son Hannibal and welcomed back al-Megrahi, the Lockerbie bomber.
Mugabe
Morgan Tsvangirai, the head of the Movement for Democratic Change who ran against this man in 2000, called on him to resign after army raids on November 15, 2017 placed him under (*) house arrest.
Chariot Races
Participants in these events used the biga [BEE-guh] or the quadriga [quod-REEG-uh].
Christopher Wallace
Policeman Greg Kading alleged that this man was killed by a man nicknamed "Poochie." ShaquilleO'Neal has claimed that his presence at an after-party might have prevented this man's death. ThePolice's "Every Breath You Take" was sampled in "I'll Be Missing You," a song written in memory ofthis man. A man in a blue suit and bowtie opened fire on this man's Chevrolet Suburban in 1997, just sixmonths after his rival was similarly shot and killed in Las Vegas. For the point, name this rapper behindthe album Ready to Die, an East Coast rival of Tupac Shakur.
PAP
Political party that has ruled Singapore since its independence.
inca empire
Precise masonry practiced by this culture allowed them to build a wall containing a stone cut withtwelve angles and sides. A city built by this culture was possibly laid out in the shape of a puma. Thisculture built a large sundial-like structure known as the intihuana in another city built for EmperorPachachuti; that site was was discovered by an expedition led by Hiram Bingham. For the point, namethis Andean empire that built Machu Picchu.
Nile
Primary Egyptian river that flooded during the season of Akhet
Tenochtitlan
Prior to its foundation, the residents of this city journeyed from the Place of Herons to GrasshopperHill, where they got in trouble for flaying a princess of the Culhua people. This city's sacred precinct wascentered around a double temple to deities of war and rain, the Templo Mayor. This city was foundedin a marsh at the spot where an eagle atop a cactus was eating a snake, supposedly a sign sent byHuitzilopotchli [h'weet-zee-loh-pock-t'lee]. For the point, name this Aztec capital city.
Tombstone
Prospector Ed Schieffelin founded this city, which quickly became the seat of the newly createdCochise County. Sadie Marcus worked for a time as a prostitute in this city, where she met Johnny Behanand her eventual common law husband. An 1882 "Vendetta Ride" began in this city and was carried outby the Earp family, several members of which had earlier killed Tom and Frank McLaury in a shootouthere. For ten points, name this Arizona frontier town, the site of the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral.
Mugabe
Emerson Mnangagwa took office after this man was toppled in a military coup.
Islamic ban on consuming alcohol
'Anas ibn Malik noted that some of the fallen at the Battle of 'Uhud had broken thispractice; he noted that Allah revealed that no blame would be attached if "they fear Allahand believe and do righteous deeds." The caliph Umar criticized "the Sword of God,"Khalid ibn al-Walid, for breaking this practice while (+) taking baths. The "joy of all Rus"[roose] would have violated this practice, and so Vladimir the Great chose not to (*) converthis people to a certain religion. Khamr is the subject of, for ten points, what religious proscription thatJahangir often broke, as he was fond of brandy?
Portugal
(1) European power that cooperated with the Mughals and governed its overseas ports from Lisbon.
Sharia
(1) Fundamentalist Islamic law that the Mahdists sought to install.
Ethiopia
(1) empire which successfully repulsed an Italian invasion in 1896 at Adowa under Menelik II.
Sudan
(2) Modern African country where the Mahdist Revolt occurred, ruled by the British with its northernneighbor, Egypt.
Zulu
(2) nation decisively defeated by the British at their capital in the Battle of Ulundi.
Khartoum
(3) Capital city of the Mahdist state on the confluence of the Blue and White Nile.
Bismarck
(3) German chancellor who organized that conference.
Taliban
(3) Government overthrown in the 2001 invasion; it's now an insurgent group.
Nile
(3) battle in which a French navy was defeated by Admiral Horatio Nelson at Aboukir Bay.
Mujahideen
(4) Arabic term for guerrilla fighters that came from around the Islamic world to fight for Afghanindependence
quinine
(4) Medicine derived from cinchona bark that allowed Europeans to resist malaria and venture deeperinto Africa.
El Alamein
(4) World War II battle in which Rommel's Afrika Corps was defeated by Bernard Montgomery.
Lord Kitchener
(5) British field marshal who put down the Mahdist revolt in an 1898 battle.
Saur Revolution
(7) Communist revolution in 1978 that overthrew the dictator of Afghanistan, Mohammed Daoud Khan.
Tel-el Kebir
(7) battle where the revolt of 'Urabi was successfully crushed, leading to the British occupation of Egypt.
Muhammad Ahmad bin Abd Allah
(8) Original leader of the Mahdist revolt, who proclaimed himself the Mahdi in 1881.
Zollverein
Customs union proposed by Friedrich List as a forerunner to a unified German state.
Tariff of Abominations
1828 tariff that enraged the South and inspired Calhoun's Exposition and Protest.
Bar lev Line
: Fort Budapest was a part of this defensive line built by the Israelis. It was placed along the edgeof the Suez Canal following the War of Attrition, and named for an Israeli chief of staf
Brennus
: Roman-Gallic tension existed long before the Gallic Wars; during the 390 BC sack of Rome, thisSenone leader legendarily shouted "woe to the vanquished" while demanding more tribute.
Harem
A Japanese version of this institution called the Ooku was created by Tokugawa Hidetada. Leaders ofanother of these institutions held either the title of Haseki or Valide. According to a probably fabricatedlegend, the Yongle Emperor killed 2800 members of one of these institutions to suppress a scandal. Thisterm generally refers to a reserved domestic space, but has taken on the connotation of a brothel.
Fashoda
A Punch cartoon shows an organ grinder with the name of this location being shooedaway from John Bull's house. An expedition bound for this location dismantled the steamerFaidherbe and dragged its boiler through miles of (+) jungles and deserts. Christian deBonchamps aborted his expedition to this location, where Jean-Baptiste (*) Marchand andHerbert Kitchener peacefully agreed to let their foreign ministers settle a boundary dispute near the WhiteNile.
Nigeria
A child soldier named Mene [meh-nay] appears in a novel from this country written in "Rotten English" by an activist who criticized Royal Dutch Shell and was executed as a member of the "Ogoni Nine."
Tours
A chronicle that describes this battle was composed 22 years later by Isidore of Beja. In the leadupto this battle, Odo's forces were soundly defeated near Bordeaux in the Battle of the River Garonne. Inthis battle, Abdul Rahman was killed during the losing side's retreat, in which they were pursued byFrankish infantry. For the point, name this 8th century battle in which Charles Martel's army defeated anUmayyad invasion of France.
Basque
A city in this region contains a Frank Gehry-designed Guggenheim Museum
Mount Carmel
A city on this ge graph cal feature is home to the heavily Ahmadi neighborhood ofKababir. A book alternately titled for the "Ascent of" this place was written by St. Johnof the Cross. A re gious leader once stated that God would (+) "sail his Ark" at thislocation, which prompted Shoghi Effendi to promulgate various Baha´ai buildings at thisplace. Mental prayer was associated with a member of the (*) Discalced, or barefoot, variety ofa sect named for this mountain range.
Alexander 1
A close confidant of this tsar was a liberal reformer named Mikhail Speransky. This tsar's forces werecommanded by Levin August von Bennigsen at the Battle of Eylau. This tsar rose to power after theassassination of his predecessor, Paul I. Supporters advocating for the succession of this man's brotherConstantine led a revolt in Saint Petersburg after this man's death in 1825. The Treaties of Tilsit weresigned during the reign of, for ten points, what early nineteenth century tsar who clashed with Napoleon?
Tang
A collection of artifacts from this dynasty was discovered after an Arab dhow carryingits namesake "treasure" shipwrecked off the coast of Be tung. Li Jiancheng was assassinatedin coup during this dynasty called the (+) Xuanwu [shu an wu] Gate Incident. Duringthis dynasty, a member of the Four Beauties, Yang Guifei, adopted a famous rebel whoseinsurrection led to possibly over 30 million deaths.
Russian Empire
A company from this country built the Phoenix, led by James George Shields. George Simpson helpednegotiate an agreement with an official from this country over clashes at Redoubt Saint Dionysius. Aftera treaty with the Hudson's Bay Company, Fort Langley and Fort Victoria produced wheat that was soldto this nation. Fur traders from this country were based at Fort Ross in California. Ferdinand Wrangelwas an administrator from this country, whose colonial possessions included a capital city at Sitka.
Australia
A composer from this country rejected foreign tempo markings in his arrangements of folk songslike Lincolnshire Posy. Percy Grainger was from this country, where clapsticks sometimes accompany awooden trumpet-like instrument played using circular breathing. A folk song by Eric Bogle about a soldierfrom this country who participated in the Battle of Gallipoli quoted a Banjo Patterson song from thiscountry about a "swagman" who drowns in a billabong. "Waltzing Matilda" is from, for the point, whatnation where the didgeridoo is played by Aborgines?
Nigeria
A conflict in this country was depicted in the 2006 novel Half of a Yellow Sun.
Sam Adams
A document written by this man was ordered revoked by Francis Bernard.
Afghanistan
A girl from this country named Malalai [ma-la-LIE] became a flag-bearer and inspired her side tovictory in the Battle of Maiwand against a British/Indian force. An invasion of this country ended withonly the surgeon William Brydon returning across the Hindu Kush range. This country was ruled by theDurrani Dynasty until 1826, and then was the site of three British invasions as part of the "Great Game."
Afghanistan
A girl from this country named Malalai [ma-la-LIE] became a flag-bearer and inspired her side tovictory in the Battle of Maiwand against a British/Indian force. An invasion of this country ended withonly the surgeon William Brydon returning across the Hindu Kush range. This country was ruled by theDurrani Dynasty until 1826, and then was the site of three British invasions as part of the "Great Game."For ten points, name this nation where the British were forced to make an 1842 retreat from Kabul.
Christian
A king of this name was wounded by shrapnel while fighting the Swedish navy inthe Torstensson War. Prime Minister Carl Zahle's disobedience toward a ruler with namesparked the dismissal of his country's cabinet in the (+) Easter Crisis. Another king of thisname dug up and burned the body of Sten Sture the Elder after a massacre in Stockholm.By signing the November Constitution, the (*) ninth king of this name provoked Bismarck'soccupation of Schleswig-Holstein. For ten points, name this common name of Danish kings, the tenth ofwhom helped evacuate Jews from his country to Sweden.
Spain
A king of this nation became known as "the desired" by his supporters after he and his father were forced to abdicate at Bayonne and were replaced by Joseph (+) Bonaparte.
GameCube
A launch title for this system featured the first appearance of Professor E. Gadd and allowed the player to stun enemies with a flashlight before sucking them up with the Poltergust 3000.
Ireland
A leader of nationalist resistance in this country was nicknamed "The Big Fellow" and employed ahit squad nicknamed the "Twelve Apostles." The Croke Park and Phoenix Park massacres occurred inthis country, where British irregulars known as the "Black and Tans" were deployed to crush nationalistresistance. The leaders of this country's independence movement included Michael Collins and Eamon deValera. For the point, name this country where in 1920, British soldiers murdered spectators at a Gaelicfootball match in Dublin.
Jericho
A man from one city of this name promises to pay back fourfold for anything he haddefrauded. That man, Za chaeus, was the chief tax collector of that city, which is also thedestination of the man who is helped by the (+) Good Samaritan. A curse killed the firsttwo sons of anyone who tried to rebuild another city of this name. The prostitute Rahabwas spared from the destruction of this city by (*) hiding two spies under bundles of flax on herroof.
Prime minister of canada
A man in this political position wrote a letter to Rajiv Gandhi apologizing for the Air India Flight182 bombing. Hugh Allan bribed a man with this position in the Pacific Scandal. A man in this positionsaid, "Just watch me," while facing a terrorist incident in the October Crisis. Kim Campbell was the onlywoman to hold this position, which was first held by Sir John A. MacDonald. For the point, name thishighest position in Canada's government, currently held by Justin Trudeau.
Babylon
A now-ruined building in this city named Etemenanki may have been destroyed by Sennacherib. A setof remains decorated with aurochs and blue bricks that was relocated from this city was reconstructed inthe Pergamon Museum in Berlin. While drinking from vessels stolen from the first temple, a king of thiscity stares at a disembodied hand and illuminated Hebrew letters in Rembrandt's painting of Belshezzar'sFeast.
Babylon
A now-ruined building in this city named Etemenanki may have been destroyed by Sennacherib. A setof remains decorated with aurochs and blue bricks that was relocated from this city was reconstructed inthe Pergamon Museum in Berlin. While drinking from vessels stolen from the first temple, a king of thiscity stares at a disembodied hand and illuminated Hebrew letters in Rembrandt's painting of Belshezzar'sFeast. The Ishtar Gate led to the inner part of, for ten points, what city that contained a temple toMarduk and was led by King Nebuchadnezzar?
St petersburg
A palace in this city is filled with paintings commemorating victory over the Ottomans atthe Battle of Cesme [chez-mah]. The largest stone ever moved by man, the Thunderstone, wastransported to this city, where it now serves as a pedestal for a bronze equestrian statue of thiscity's modernizing founder. Swamps on the Neva River were cleared out to construct this "windowto the west." For the point, name this city that was built to replace Moscow as the capital ofRussia.
voting
A paradox about this process named for Anthony Downs notes that, for certain people, the costof doing this outweighs the benefits because the impact of doing this is probably irrelevant. Systems forcarrying out this process are often evaluated by the Condorcet criterion, and race-based discrepanciesbetween its projected and actual results are described in an effect named for Los Angeles mayor TomBradley. For the point, name this decision-making method commonly used in democracies.
Maria Theresa
A physician who worked for this woman wrote Discourse on the Existence of Ghosts, which explainedthat lack of oxygen could cause failure for corpses to decompose. This woman's husband lost the Duchyof Lorraine but was given the Grand Duchy of Tuscany instead. Marshal Neipperg lost the Battle ofMollwitz in a war that broke out after this woman gained the throne. In the Treaty of Breslau, this leaderceded much of Silesia to Frederick the Great. For the point, name this queen whose rise to power in 1740triggered the War of the Austrian Succession.
Iwo Jima
A plaque on this island commemorating the Reunion of Honor claimed that the sacrifices on it "willalways be remembered and never be repeated." Bernardo de la Torre was the first European to reachthis member of the Bonin Archipelago, which he named after the Spanish word for sulphur. MichaelStrank, Franklin Sousley, and Harlon Block died on this island days after being recorded in a PulitzerPrize-winning photograph.
Iwo Jima
A plaque on this island commemorating the Reunion of Honor claimed that the sacrifices on it "willalways be remembered and never be repeated." Bernardo de la Torre was the first European to reachthis member of the Bonin Archipelago, which he named after the Spanish word for sulphur. MichaelStrank, Franklin Sousley, and Harlon Block died on this island days after being recorded in a PulitzerPrize-winning photograph. For ten points, name this island whose Mount Suribachi was the site of a 1945flag raising by American Marines.
Napoleonic Wars
A poem criticizing British involvement in these conflicts ruined Anna Barbault's public reputationand career. The lines "The boy stood on the burning deck / Whence all but he had fled" open a FeliciaHemans poem inspired by one of these conflicts titled "Casabianca." A novel that fictionalizes theseconflicts includes a chapter set at the Duchess of Richmond's ball in Brussels, after which George Osborneis killed at Quatre Bras.
Louis 14
A popular portrait of this man in a blue robe and light blue tights was painted by Hyacinthe Rigaud[ree-GOH]. Andre-Charles Boulle's inlay work was prized by this king's court. This king commissioned themuralist Charles Le Brun to paint scenes of embassies to his court on the ceiling of the Hall of Mirrors.This man commissioned the architect Louis Le Vau to oversee the expansion of the gardens and Palace ofVersailles. For the point, name this Bourbon "Sun King."
Populist Party
A predecessor to this party articulated its goals in the Ocala Demands, which this party incorporated in its (+) Omaha platform
Kenyatta
A reward offered by Governor EvelynBaring prompted Rawson Macharia to testify that this man had administered illegal oaths to revolutionaries
California
A riot targeting a certain group in this state began in the "Sand Lot" and was put down by the Pick Handle Brigade.
Albania
A ruler in this modern-day nation sided with Naples in the Treaty of Gaeta and formed the League ofLezh¨e. Ismail Qemali [ish-mail kem-ah-lee] helped this nation gain independence at the Assembly of Vlor¨e[v'lor-uh]. In the 15th century, a historical region that became this nation fought off the Ottomans withthe help of Skanderbeg.
Babylon
A ruler of this city has a dream in which he sees a statue with a gold head, a bronze belly, and clayfeet. A Biblical figure partially named for this city is described as sitting on top of a scarlet beast withseven heads and ten horns. The Book of Ezekiel was composed while Ezekiel was in this city, which namesa ***** encountered in the Book of Revelation. The Book of Daniel tells of Nebuchadnezzar II, the rulerof, for ten points, what city where the Jews were held in a namesake period of captivity?
Lithuania
A ruler of this country formally became its king at the Congress of Lutsk, but died before the crowncould physically reach him. A leader of this country defeated Skirgaila before signing the Astrava treatywith Jogaila, allowing him to replace Skirgaila as regent of this country. Vytautas ruled this country,which joined with its southwestern neighbor in the Union of Krewo and the Union of Lublin. For tenpoints, name this Grand Duchy that formed a commonwealth with Poland.
Joseon
A ruler of this dynasty launched the Oei [oh-ay] Invasion, attempting to rid Tsushima Island ofJapanese pirates. After this dynasty weathered 16th and 17th century invasions from the Manchus andthe Japanese, its resulting isolationism earned it the name "the hermit kingdom." During its waningyears, this dynasty's independence from China was secured by the Treaty of Shimonoseki. This dynasty'smost prominent ruler created an alphabetical system called hangul.
Nile river
A sculptural personification of this location shows a bearded man pulling a clothfrom his head. Another depiction of this location found in the remains of Rome's CampusMartius shows sixteen babies to represent its (+) yearly floods. This river appears withrepresentations of the Ganges, Rio de la Plata and Danube in the (*) Fountain of the FourRivers by Bernini and in another sculpture in the Vatican collection with crocodiles and hippos on itspedestal. A statue dedicated to Isis in the Temple of Peace showed, for ten points, what Egyptian river?
Idi amin
A section of troops mutinied against this man when they suspected that a car accident was an attempted assassination of his vice president, Mustafa Adrisi
Victor Hugo
A self-portrait done as one of this author's characters includes a portrait of the painterEmile Bernard in the background and was dedicated to van Gogh, who called it "ill andtormented." A nude sculpture for this man's memorial shows him beneath waves off the isleof (+) Guernsey. While in exile for his Republican views, this man wrote pamphlets againstNapoleon III and a novel that includes a lengthy description of (*) Waterloo. Paul Gauguinpainted himself as one of this man's creations, the convict Jean Valjean. For ten points, name this Frenchauthor of Les Miserables.
New Zealand
A site-specific sculpture installed in this country at Gibbs Farm is a horn shaped steel skeleton withfabric stretched over it that runs through a hill. Anish Kapoor's Dismemberment is located in this country,as was a "cardboard" cathedral meant to replace a building that was damaged in a 2011 earthquake.Gottfried Lindauer left Bohemia to work in this country, where he painted Paratene Te Manu, a man withdistinctive spiral facial tattoos.
Cherokee
A sitting Chief Justice once compared the relationship between the government and this NativeAmerican people to that of a "ward to its guardian." Elizur Butler was a missionary who was arrested forliving on this people's lands, breaking a state law. Andrew Jackson refused to abide by a Marshall Courtruling regarding these people that established the doctrine of Native American sovereignty. Worcester v.Georgia concerned the lands of, for the point, what people who were relocated to Oklahoma in the finalportion of the Trail of Tears?
Libya
A southwestern region of this modern day country was home to the Garamantes tribeand has its cap tal at Sabha. A Greek colony near this nation's present day city of (+)Shahat lent its name to another of this country's three historic regions. This country gaveup its claim to the Aouzou Strip after the Toyota War. Fezzan and (*) Cyrenaica are partof this country, whose internationally-recognized House of Deputies meet in Tobruk instead of its officialcapital.
North Korea
A sports minister from this country received copies of The Art of the Deal and Where'sWaldo? while meeting with an ambassador in 2017. James Clapper's visit to this countryhelped secure the release of Todd (+) Miller in 2014. Government authorities from thiscountry claimed that botulism, not torture, led to the death of a visitor who had stolen apropaganda poster, (*) Otto Warmbier. Journalists Laura Ling and Euna Lee were arrested in thiscountry in 2009, but pardoned after a visit by Bill Clinton.
Confederacy
A spy working for this country gained information about American troops by romancing US SenatorHenry Wilson. This country utilized the spies Rose Greenhow and Belle Boyd. Because this country'sonly major arms manufacturer was the Tredegar Iron Works, it employed blockade runners to bypassships enforcing the Anaconda Plan. For the point, name this country whose Secretary of State, JudahBenjamin, managed its covert operations from its capital of Richmond, Virginia
THC
A study about this chemical in cannabis showed it to treat symptoms of multiple sclerosis. It is also responsible for the increase in appetite and food consumption in humans.
Roman religion
A symbolic defeat for this religion occurred when the "bora winds" redirected one side'sarrows back at the archers during the Battle of the Frigid River. Members of this religion,who twice had their "Altar of (+) Victory" desecrated, faced new restrictions after theTheodosian Decrees were issued. As the last (*) emperor to follow this religion, Julian was knownas the Apostate. This religion was overshadowed by a monotheistic faith after the Edict of Milan. For tenpoints, name this ancient religion that, before it was supplanted by Christianity, officially honored Janus,Jupiter, and Mars.
Siege of Sarajevo
A tunnel built in this city connected Dobrinja [doh brin ya] and Butmir, allowing civilian escape andthe inflow of humanitarian aid. The Markale [mar kah lay] massacres occurred in this city, where a battlewas triggered by protests in front of a Holiday Inn. Stanislav Gali´c [gall itch] was convicted of crimesagainst humanity for his actions in this city. The attacking forces of the Republika Srpska replaced thoseof the Yugoslav People's Army in this city, where fighting was ended by the Dayton Accords.
Vitamin C
APX enzymes use this compound as an electron donor. James Lind pioneered the use of clinical trialswith a study on a key use of this compound. Albert Szent-Gyorgyi and Walter Haworth were awarded aNobel Prize for the discovery of this compound, which was the first ever vitamin to be manufactured. Useof this vitamin to combat cancer and the common cold was promoted by Linus Pauling. A lack of thisvitamin causes collagen instability, which led to many sailors developing scurvy. For the point, name thisvitamin found in citrus fruit like oranges.
Ardennes
According to legend, the four sons of Aymon fled to this region on the magical river-jumping horseBayard. Charlemagne is said to have dreamed of this region the night before the disaster at RoncevauxPass. The Dinant region in this forest was targeted by Heinz Guderian at the end of the Phony War,since it was undefended by the Maginot Line. This forest was also exploited by panzers in the Battle ofthe Bulge. For the point, name this largely Belgian forest that provided a route for the Nazi invasion ofFrance.
Ali
According to legend, this man lifted up a door as a bridge to allow his men to cross a moat in theBattle of Khaybar. This man reluctantly ordered Malik al-Ashtar to pull back his forces, most of whomrefused to fight when enemy soldiers placed the Quran on a spear. This man, who led forces againstMu'awiyah at the Battle of Siffin, was killed by Ibn Muljam, a Khajirite at the Great Mosque of Kufa.
Chandragupta Maurya
According to legend, this man's advisor realized he made a mistake in tactics after hearing a womanscolding her son for eating hot gruel. The satraps Nicanor and Philip may have been killed by this man'sforces. A thousand mile road built during this man's rule from Pataliputra to Bihar was recorded inhistory by Megasthenes. This man, who was succeeded by Bindusara, overthrew the Nanda Dynasty. Forthe point, name this grandfather of Ashoka and founder of the Mauryan Dynasty.
Mahmoud Abbas
According to the Mitrokhin Archive, this man allegedly worked under the name "Krotov" for theKGB in 1980s Damascus. This man endorsed the unsuccessful Prisoners' Document, which would haveestablished his country with a capital at al-Quds al-Shareef. At the Sharm El Sheikh Summit in 2005,this man and Ariel Sharon [sha-rone] called for an end to the al-Aqsa Intifada; this man also agreed tothe Road Map for Peace with Sharon, which endorsed a two-state solution.
Rama
According to tradition and some recent archaeological finds, Babur's mosque in Ayodhya wasbuilt after the destruction of a temple to this Hindu god, who was born in Ayodhya.
Arusha Accords
Accords drafted in 1993 to end the Rwandan Civil War, which fell apart due to the aforementionedplane crash.
Saint Augustine of Hippo
After Garry Wills translated a work by this man, he published a 2011 "Biography" of the work,arguing to read it as it was read in the 5th century. A book by this man recounts how he heard thecommand "take up and read" while meditating in a garden and how he needlessly stole some pears froma neighboring orchard in his youth. This man's mother Monica died in the port city of Ostia shortly afterthis man converted to Christianity in Milan under the patronage of Saint Ambrose; thereafter, he becamea bishop in Hippo Regius in north Africa. For the point, name this 5th-century theologian who wrote theConfessions.
Haymarket Riot
After Joseph Gary presided over the trial of people involved in this event, John Altgeld pardoned some of the defendants.
Wafd Party
After a leader of this party was exiled, his wife proclaimed herself a "mother to all those who cameout to face bullets for the sake of freedom" from the steps of her home, which became known as "thehouse of the Umma." The leader of this party was exiled with Mostafa el-Nahas to the Seychelles in 1921.This party, which led a 1919 revolution against the government of Reginald Wingate, was founded by afollower of Ahmen Orabi, Saad Zaghloul. This party lost popularity after it cooperated with the British inopposing King Farouk, and was banned with all other political parties by Nasser in 1953.
NYPD
After criticizing this organization for inaction during the Hard Hat Riot, John Lindsay was called a traitor
Myanmar
After taking power in 2011, this country's current leader reached cease-fire accords withShan and Karen insurgents. The supposed expansion of Islam in this country is opposed bythe Buddhist monk Ashin Wirathu, and by its (+) 969 Movement. This country is home toa rebel group called the Kachin Independence Army and a Rohingya Muslim minority. It iscurrently led by (*) Thein Sein, and its opposition National League for Democracy is led by AungSan Suu Kyi [ang san soo chee].
Nasser
After the conclusion of the Bandung conference in Indonesia, this man signed a treaty of friendship with India.
Nyerere
After the end of this person's tenure, the Nyalali Commission recommended the adoption of a multi-party system.
Battle of yorktown
After this battle, Sir Charles Asgill was captured and supposedly mistreated. According to separatelegends, this battle's opening cannon shots destroyed both the ship Guadeloupe and a dinner table whereenemy officers were eating. One side in this battle lost control of Redoubts 9 and 10 after their supply lineswere cut by a naval defeat at Chesapeake. The song "The World Turned Upside Down" allegedly playedafter the surrender at, for the point, what 1787 battle where Cornwallis surrendered to Washington, thelast major battle of the American Revolution?
Sparta
After this city's forces lost the Battle of Arginusae, the winning city sentenced six of their eightwinning generals to death. The Mothax Lysander was a famous admiral from this city, which lost powerafter losing the Battle of Leuctra to an echelon formation fielded by Thebes. Xerxes' advance was slowedby King Leonidas and a group of 300 soldiers from this city at the Battle of Thermopylae. For the point,name this militaristic Greek city state that was the main enemy of Athens in the Peloponnesian War.
2010 Haiti Earthquake
After this disaster, Senegalese president Abdoulaye Wade offered its victims free land.Missionaries from the New Life Children's Refuge were accused of kidnapping for attemptingto arrange for the adoption of children affected by this crisis. Cholera outbreaks after thisdisaster were blamed on (+) Nepalese peacekeepers. Rapper Wyclef Jean tried to run inthe presidential election held in the year of this disaster, and (*) Michel Martelly becamepresident a year later.
Yuan
After this dynasty's Emperor Taiding died, it suffered the War of the Two Capitals. This dynasty,which gained power after winning the Battle of Yamen, built its capital at Dadu. The Red Turban Revolt,which included the future Hongwu emperor, successfully overthrew this dynasty. The founder of thisdynasty had previously won the Toluid Civil War after Mongke Khan died.
Gaddafi
After this leader bombed the La Belle disco in Berlin, a common hangout for US soldiers, he was targeted by Operation El Dorado Canyon.
Ibrahim Lodi
After this man lost one battle, a courtier said "It is a hundred pities that 30,000horsemen should have been defeated by so few Hindus." This man, who was defeatedat Dholpur by Rana Sangha, also lost a battle commemorated by the (+) Kabuli BaghMosque. This man, who rose to his highest post following the death of his father Sikandar,died at a battle in which his (*) elephants trampled his own troops after they were frightened bythe firing of the other side's artillery pieces.
Kwame Nkrumah
After winning the first elections under the Coussey Constitution, he appointed as an advisor lifelong friend George Padmore, whom he met while a student at Lincoln University in Pennsylvania.
2008 Recession
Ailsa McKay and Margunn Bjornholt [BYORN-holt] argued that a feminist worldview would have avoided this event.
Stamp Act of 1765
Andrew Oliver was tasked with implementing this act, after which he was burned in effigy by theLoyal Nine. Thomas Hutchinson's mansion was ransacked in response to this act. Isaac Barre coinedthe term "sons of liberty" during a debate over this act, which prompted Samuel Adams to found theSons of Liberty. When this act was repealed alongside a reduced Sugar Act, Britain also passed the 1766Declaratory Act. For ten points, name this colonial tax on printed material.
Vishnu
Angkor Wat was originally dedicated to this Hindu god. Depictions of this god often show himresting on Shesha, the king of the nagas.
Ireland
Another legendary hero of this country gained wisdom by tasting the (*) salmon of knowledge.
Gaddafi
Another member of this family had his book deal dropped after his thesis at the LondonSchool of Economics was revealed to have been plagiarized.
Gaddafi
Another member of this family invented"Jamahiriya," and gave a February 2011 interview under a large white umbrella.
Gaddafi
Another of its members was arrested inGeneva in 2008 after being accused of assault by two servants, prompting a boycott of Swiss goodsand the expulsion of Swiss companies from his (*)) country.
Confederation of the Rhine
Antecedent to a unified Germany established by Napoleon after conquering states along a namesakeriver
Bill Clinton
As governor, this man stirred controversy with an unpopular vehicle registration tax, and he was known as the "Boy Governor."
Alcatraz
As head of this institution, James Johnston was assaulted by Burton Phillips. William Miller andHarold Stites were killed during the "Battle of [this location]," which resulted in the execution of MiranThompson and Sam Shockley. Edward Wutke committed suicide using a pencil sharpener while at thislocation. Frank Morris and the Anglin brothers briefly lived at this location, where Robert Stroud was sentin his transfer from Leavenworth.
Kenyatta
As president, this man wrote Suffering without Bitterness.
information
Bayesian games model this value as a probability distribution. Michael Spence identified educationas a "costly signal" of this value in a job market model, which described one method of its transmission.George Akerlof's 1970 paper "The Market for Lemons" used the example of used car dealerships to discussthe asymmetry of this value. For ten points, name this economic concept that is "perfect" if both actorshave complete knowledge.
Tr
Both Richard Nixon's victory and resignation addresses quoted this orator's "Citizenship in aRepublic" speech, which notes "It is not the critic who counts," but rather "the man who is actually in thearena." At Carnegie Hall in 1915, this man attacked "Hyphenated Americans" and argued for assimilationof immigrant cultures. After a speech for the Progressive Party in Milwaukee, this president was shot byJohn Schrank. For the point, name this politician who, after that shooting, claimed "it takes more thanthat to kill a Bull Moose."
Raffles
British statesman who conquered Java and established British Singapore.
doctors
Carl Batecchi wrote about his experiences as one of these people in a Dustoff helicopter unit duringthe Vietnam War. After his experiences in Biafra, one of these people named Bernard Kouchner foundedan international group of them that won the 1999 Nobel Peace Prize. Fictional examples of these peoplenamed BJ Hunnicut and Hawkeye Pierce worked in the 4077th during the Korean War in the T.V. showM*A*S*H. For the point, name these professionals who work "without Borders" in warzones to heal thewounded
New Zealand
Catherine Fulton organized a protest during this country's 1893 election after WalterCarncross purposefully doomed a suffrage amendment. The first female mayor in the BritishEmpire, Elizabeth Yates, served in this country's city of (+) Onehunga. Two politiciansin this country changed their vote on suffrage in protest of Richard Seddon's underhandedtactics. (*) Kate Sheppard fought for women's suffrage in this country and replaced Elizabeth II on the10-dollar note.
Whitney
Catherine Green may have fixed design flaws in an invention by this man, but was given no publiccredit. Fones McCarthy created an updated version of an invention by this man that would handlelong-staple resources. Despite no experience and the recent loss of his factory to a fire, this man agreedto make 10,000 muskets for Congress. The boils and lint were separated by a device created by, for tenpoints, what proponent of interchangeable parts and inventor of the cotton gin?
string quartet
Charles Ives's first piece in this genre, based on hymn tunes, was subtitled "From the SalvationArmy." One of these pieces, part of a set dedicated to the Hungarian count Joseph Erd˝ody, includes a setof variations on "God Save Emperor Francis," a melody that would become the German national anthem.Mozart's Opus 10 is a set of these chamber music pieces dedicated to the "father" of this non-symphonicgenre, Joseph Haydn. For the point, name this chamber music ensemble that consists of two violins, aviola, and a cello.
Australia
Charles Sturt led an expedition in this country that disproved the theory that itcontained an inland sea in its center. In this country, a depot was established at CooperCreek to support an expedition whose only survivor was John King. Robert Burke and John(+) Wills led that doomed attempt to cross this country from one of its southern cities tothe Gulf of Carpentaria. Lachlan Macquarie was a governor in this country who awardedsurveyor George Evans 1000 acres on (*) Van Diemen's Land to its south.
Diamonds
Charles Weir invented a device that uses this mineral to compress materials to extremely highpressures. This mineral is the ideal crystal for ATR infrared spectroscopy. These minerals are often foundin kimberlite pipes, which are named for a town in South Africa. For ten points, name this allotrope ofcarbon, a mineral created under extremely high temperatures and pressure that defines the value of 10 onMohs' scale of hardness
Oklahoma City Bombing
Dave Paulson was questioned for his role in this event after his business card was left ina police car with a suspicious note on it. Twelve years prior to this event, a group called TheCovenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord planned a rocket (+) attack on the sametarget. Missing license plates prompted Charlie Hanger to arrest the perpetrator of thisevent, who was inspired to commit it after the (*) ATF siege of the Branch Davidian compoundat Waco. Terry Nichols and Timothy McVeigh carried out, for ten points, what 1968 attack on the AlfredP. Murrah Building?
Zodiac Killer
Description acceptable. It is thought that one of these documents states "my name is"Alfred E. Neuman, the mascot of Mad Magazine. The final one of these documents explainsa map with a compass set to magnetic north on Mount Diablo. Many (+) drawings in thesedocuments were inspired by Harvey Balls. The meaning of the first of these documents wasidentified quickly by the supposition that it repeatedly used the word (*) "kill" and the phrase"I like killing." These documents were signed with a cross and a circle.
Calculus Controversy
Description acceptable. Jason Socrates Bardi wrote a non-technical 2007 book about this "clash."Primary sources relating to this controversy include correspondences between John Collins and itsparticipants. The primary aspect of this controversy notes that Nova Methodus pro Maximis et Minimiswas published in 1684 by one participant, while the other's 1666 work wasn't published until 1687 inthe Principia.
Mobuto
Emerging over Kasa-Vubu and Lumumba following the Katanga Crisis, for 10 points, identify this quintessential African kleptocrat.
Warring states
Description acceptable. One of these time periods featured the use of Horizontal and VerticalAlliances. An attempt to kill Liu Bang during a sword dance took place during another of these periods,which eventually ended when the Chu lost. The Yellow Turban revolt began one of these periods, whoseoccurrence often indicated that the Mandate of Heaven had been withdrawn. Confucius lived during oneof these periods, which included the Spring and Autumn and Warring States ones.
1989 American Invasion of Panama
Description acceptable. This mil tary oper tion was preceded by series of intim datingtroop movements in Oper tion Sand Flea. During this event, the capture of Fort Amadorallowed for further action against the El Chorrillo neighborhood, which was defended bythe (+) Dignity Battalions. Guillermo Endara rose to power as a result of this event, whosetarget was psychologically forced out of the (*) Vatican embassy by loud music.
Allende's last speach
Description acceptable. This speech notes that "Other men will overcome this dark and bittermoment when treason seeks to prevail." Two officers criticized in this speech for disloyalty are Jose Merinoand Cesar Mendoza, though it praises Rene Schneider for teaching tradition to the armed forces. Thisspeech, which includes the exclamation "I will not resign!," was given in La Moneda Palace via RadioMagallanes before its speaker committed suicide with an AK-47 given to him by Fidel Castro.
John Slidell
Diplomat who negotiated a loan from France to the Confederacy and who was captured along withJames Mason in the Trent Affair.
Book of the dead
Document that provides instructions for those being judged by Ma'at
The death of Osama Bin ladin
During this event, a Nightstawker helicopter entered a vortex ring state and damaged its tail rotor.Some participants in this event claimed they used "cakebread" or "crankshaft" as a codeword instead ofthe controversial "Geronimo." Contradictory accounts have emerged about whether or not the centralfigure in this event used women as human shields in his compound in Abbottabad.
gold
Domitian added the purple faction and a faction named for this material to chariotraces. A palace on the future site of the Colosseum built by Nero was known as the houseof this material. When Heinrich (+) Schliemann discovered an artifact of this material inMycenae, it convinced him he found the body of a legendary Homeric king. This material,which is combined with (*) ivory to make chryselephantine sculptures, was used to mint a coin worth25 denarii [day-NAR-ee-ee] called the aureus. The funeral mask of Agamemnon is made of, for ten points,what yellowish precious metal?
Bill Clinton
During his time as president, this man's personal attorney Vince Foster committed suicide.
Nasser
During that controversy, this leader reacted to John Foster Dulles's withdrawal of funding for a dam project
Ford
During the 1930s, this company ran a plantation in Brazil named after this company's founder.
Joe Biden
During the 2012 election campaign, this politician said that the opposing party's policieson regulation would "put y'all back in chains." In 2008, Christine O'Donnell ran against thisman for his Senate seat, which he resigned nine days into his (+) seventh term. This man'sson served as state Attorney General and planned to run for governor until he (*) died ofbrain cancer in May 2015. On January 12th, 2017, this man received a Presidential Medal of Freedomwith Distinction from his boss.
Murder of Emmett Till
During the trial following this event, Mose Wright dramatically identified John WilliamMilam among the crowd. William Huie interviewed the perpetrators of this event for Lookmagazine in exchange for 4,000 dollars. (+) Carolyn Bryant testified that the victim ofthis event wolf-whistled at her; the victim's mother, Mamie, remarked that he whistled toovercome his stutter. Mamie insisted on an open-casket funeral for this event's victim afterhis body was found in the (*) Tallahatchie River, after which a photograph of his body was printedin The Chicago Defender.
Murder of Emmett Till
During the trial following this event, Mose Wright dramatically identified John WilliamMilam among the crowd. William Huie interviewed the perpetrators of this event for Lookmagazine in exchange for 4,000 dollars. (+) Carolyn Bryant testified that the victim ofthis event wolf-whistled at her; the victim's mother, Mamie, remarked that he whistled toovercome his stutter. Mamie insisted on an open-casket funeral for this event's victim afterhis body was found in the (*) Tallahatchie River, after which a photograph of his body was printedin The Chicago Defender. For ten points, name this 1955 murder of a black teenager in Mississippi.
Battle of Endor
During this battle, Arvel Crynyd [are-VELL CRIH-nid] performed a kamikaze attack into the bridge of one side's flagship, the Executor
Saratoga
During this battle, Baroness Frederika Riedesel fled to the Marshall House, where refugees enduredhours of bombardment. At this battle, Ebenezer Learned commanded the ineffective 1st CanadianRegiment. Simon Fraser was killed in this battle, whose field is home to the Boot Monument, which waserected to honor Benedict Arnold's sacrifice.
Angolan Civil War (1975-2002)
During this conflict, Operation Carlota brought aid to one side just in time for the Battleof Quifangondo. After the CIA were found to be influencing this conflict through OperationIA Feature, the Clark Amendment barred the United States from further intervention.This conflict was described as (+) "Cuba's Vietnam" thanks to Fidel Castro's support forAgostinho Neto. The death of Jonas (*) Savimbi helped end this conflict, which began shortly aftera country gained independence from Portugal.
Third Crusade
During this conflict, a leader's plans were almost derailed by a charge led by Baldwin de Carronand Garnier de Nablus. Forces captured the Sultanate of Rum's capital during this conflict's Battle ofIconium. Prior to this campaign, Guy of Lusignan was captured at the Battle of Hattin. After the Battleof Arsuf in this crusade, an invasion failed to take Jerusalem.
Gallic Wars
During this conflict, the Ariovistus-led Suebi tribe was defeated. Diviciacus [DIV-ik-ee-ah-kus] warnedone side of a conspiracy before these wars, though his people, the Aedui [aid-wee], later flipped allegiances.The losing side in this war did not burn Gergovia or Avaricum, despite a scorched earth strategy, and thewinning side built bridges over the Rhine, then burned them as a show of force. In the crucial battle ofthis war, a double wall was built around Vercingetorix's forces in Alesia.
Belgian Revolution
During this event, Jan van Speyk allegedly shouted "I'd rather be blown up!" while blowing uphis own ship to kill some of this event's perpetrators. This event resulted in the creation of the GardeCivique, which helped fight off an attempt to suppress this event in the Ten Days Campaign. An operaabout a fisherman named Masaniello was intended to cap a celebration of William I, but the performancecoincided with, and fueled, the riots that started this event.
Children's Crusade
During this event, William the Pig and Hugh the Iron offered free transport, but took their unwittingpassengers to Tunisia. A leader of this event is apocryphally said to have performed miracles at theCathedral Saint-Denis [sahn deh-NEE]. One leader of this campaign, Stephen of Cloyes [kloy], said he hada letter from Jesus to the King of France. Nicholas of Cologne's prediction that the sea by Genoa wouldpart for this campaign obviously did not come true, and when this crusade ended, most of its participantswere sold into slavery. For the point, name this 1212 crusade named for its youthful participants.
Assassination of Kim Jong Nam
During this event, one perpetrator was caught on camera wearing a shirt that said "LOL." The victimof this event had, in 2001, fallen out with his family after using a fake passport to try to visit DisneylandTokyo. The perpetrators of this event sprayed the nerve agent VX in the victim's face, having been toldthey were filming a scene for a prank TV show.
Dirty war
During this event, thousands of prisoners were held at the ESMA, a former school for naval mechanics.The Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo hold annual protests over people who disappeared in this event,many of whom were dropped into the Atlantic Ocean during Death Flights. This event began after thekidnapping of students in the Night of the Pencils, marking the start of the National ReorganizationProcess. Jorge Videla's government instigated, for the point, what period of violence against perceivedleftist insurgents in Argentina?
Vargas
During this man's rule, his country sent an expeditionary force that was mocked as "cannon fodderfor the Americans" by Radio Auriverde. This man originally supported the Integralist movement, butcracked down on it after declaring a dictatorship. The system of "coffee with milk" politics was ended bythis man's rise to power. The Cohen Plan was a non-existent communist plot to overthrow this man'sgovernment, leading him to create an Estado Novo.
Meji Restoration
During this period, a system of five ranks of nobility called the kazoku was created, and the rigidclass system was abolished by the Charter Oath. Two southern provinces, Satsuma and Choshu, alliedduring the Boshin War, whose end solidified the reforms of this period. This period began after the arrivalof Matthew Perry's "black ships" and the signing of the Convention of Kanagawa. For the point, namethis 19th century period of modernization in Japan, when the namesake emperor was restored to thethrone.
Reign of Terror
During this period, accused parties were ordered to prove their innocence by the Law of 22 Prairial,which strengthened the Law of Suspects. This period came to an end when the Battle of Fleurus helpedtrigger the Thermidorian Reaction against one of this period's leaders. The Committee of Public Safetytook control during this period, which ended with Maximilien Robespierre's own execution. For ten points,name this year-long phase of the French Revolution in many political enemies were guillotined.
Bosnian war
During this war, Scott O'Grady was rescued after being shot down while maintaining a no-fly-zone inOperation Deny Flight. One side in this war was supported by the White Eagles and Arkan's Tigers. TheHeliodrom prisoner camp was set up in this war, in which Operation Storm became the largest Europeanbattle since World War II. Under the leadership of Ratko Mladic [m'lah-ditch], the VRS and the Scorpionsperpetrated the Srebrenica [sreh-breh-nee-tzah] massacre in this war.
Peninsular Wars
During this war, William Inglis famously urged "Die hard, 57th, die hard!" while lying woundedat the Battle of Albuera. One leader's triumph at the Battle of Vitoria accelerated the end of this war;that leader had built the secret Lines of Torres Vedras as fort chains to defend a territory. The Battle ofSalamanca was a major defeat for the forces of Joseph I during this war.
Peninsular War
During this war, William Inglis famously urged "Die hard, 57th, die hard!" while lying woundedat the Battle of Albuera. One leader's triumph at the Battle of Vitoria accelerated the end of this war;that leader had built the secret Lines of Torres Vedras as fort chains to defend a territory. The Battle ofSalamanca was a major defeat for the forces of Joseph I during this war. A revolt that occurred on May2, 1808 triggered, for ten points, what war between Napoleon and the Spanish and Portuguese?
Pacific War
During this war, the "Red Prince" led a charge of several hundred freed Chinese slaveswith Jose Francisco Gana. The winner of this war demanded the Tarapaca Province at theLackawanna Conference. During this war, captain (+) Miguel Grau sank the Esmerelda atthe Battle of Iquique, but lost his ironclad Huascar at the Battle of Angamos. This war,which began over a tax dispute near (*) Antofagasta, was ended by the Treaty of Ancon.
Saltpeter war
During this war, the "Red Prince" led a charge of several hundred freed Chinese slaveswith Jose Francisco Gana. The winner of this war demanded the Tarapaca Province at theLackawanna Conference. During this war, captain (+) Miguel Grau sank the Esmerelda atthe Battle of Iquique, but lost his ironclad Huascar at the Battle of Angamos. This war,which began over a tax dispute near (*) Antofagasta, was ended by the Treaty of Ancon. For tenpoints, name this South American war that pitted Peru and Bolivia against Chile over mineral reserves inthe late 19th century.
Chinese Civil War
During this war, the leader of one side only agreed to talks with the other if PatrickHurley was allowed to attend them. This war is thought to have begun with an incidentin which a man nicknamed "The Hewer of Communist Heads" carried out attacks onprotesting union workers in the (+) White Terror. The Northern Expedition occurred justbefore this war, in which one side faced a split that created the (*) Nanjing Faction. TheYangtze River Crossing Campaign was carried out during this war, which ended with the formation of aPeople's Republic.
Gaddafi
He called Switzerland a "mafia state" after that same son was arrested for one of many bouts of domestic violence, and successfully forced all charges to be dropped after threatening to cut off Swiss (*)) oil exports.
Gaddafi
He coined the term "Jamahiriya" to describe his government in the Green Book and his planes were involved in the Gulf of Sidra incidents
Gaddafi
He demanded an investigation into JFK's assassination in a rambling speech to the UN, and brings an elaborate tent with him on all his foreign trips.
Gaddafi
He described his country as a "state of the masses," or Jamahiriya (jah-muh-HEER-ee-uh), after overthrowing King Idris (EE-driss) in 1969
Mobuto
He died in exile shortly after giving up power to Laurent Kabila.
Mobuto
He faced two conflicts centered around the Shaba province, and rose to supreme power after his major rival and predecessor was captured and executed, likely with the aid of nefarious CIA operative Sydney Gottlieb.
Nasser
He greatly enhanced the power of the General Intelligence Directorate, and earlier, thisman founded a secret organization with (*)) Abd al-Hakim Amir, Zakaria Mohieddine, and his ownfuture successor.
Euler
He had a series of famous arguments about the existence of God with Denis Diderot [deh-nee deed-ur-oh] in the court of Catherine the Great.
Nyerere
He had to explain to Muammar Gaddafi during a meeting of the non-Aligned movement that, even though he is a Christian, his country has three times more Muslims than Libya.
Lister
He himself came out of retirement to consult on the treatment of Edward VII's appendicitis.
Idi amin
He ordered the killing of Dora Bloch in response to an action that also led to the death of Jonathan Netanyahu, and India cut relations with this leader's country after he expelled the entire (*) Asian population.
Mandela
He rose to prominence as the leader of Umkhonto we Sizwe, and he gave the "I am prepared to die" speech during the Rivonia Trial.
Kenyatta
He testified on the issue of land claims before the 1932 Carter Comission, and in 1928 he founded a newspaper called He Who Brings Together.
Nyerere
He translatedJulius Caesar and The Merchant of Venice into (*)) Swahili, in which language this man was known as"mwalimu" or "teacher."
Mandela
He warned that "no one nation should be complainant, prosecutor, and judge" when offering his country as the site of the trial of the Pan Am Flight 103 bombers.
Patton
He was a key part of Operation Fortitude, which convinced the Germans he was leading a force to invade Calais [cuh-lay].
George III
He was advised early in life by Lord Bute and married Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz [STRAYE-Lits].
Mugabe
He was imprisoned in Sikombela and Hwahwa forhis leadership of ZANU and worked with future rival Joshua Nkomo as a Publicity Secretary of the NationalDemocratic Party.
Kwame Nkrumah
He was the only non-Muslim head of state to be represented in the Casablanca Group,
Kwame Nkrumah
He's not Egyptian, but this member of the Akan ethnic group married a Coptic woman named Fathia Rizk
Yezhov
Head of the NKVD who orchestrated part of that event and was later killed during it.
Quisling
Henrik Bergh defended this client, who was accused of ordering the execution of GunnarEilifsen. This man, who was also accused of smuggling rubles with Frederik Prytz, workedwith Fridtjof Nansen to alleviate the 1921 (+) Russian famine. This leader worked withthe Nazi Reichskommissar Josef Terboven. After King Haakon VII fled, this Nasjonal (*)Samling leader became head of his country with the support of the Nazis. For ten points, name thiscollaborationist Norwegian leader whose name is now synonymous with the word "traitor."
Nasser
His pact with Shukri al-Quwatli realized the regional ambitions thisman alluded to in his Philosophy of the Revolution
Nasser
His political career began after he met Zakaria Mohieddine and Abd al-Hakim Amir in the Sudan.
Alexander the great
His troops refused to go further after this man's costly victory at the Hydaspes River.
Kenyatta
His widow Mama Ngina and other members of his family smuggled tons of ivory into China.
Royal Air Force
Hugh Trenchard is nicknamed the "father of" this military force, which sustained heavy casualtiesin Bloody April during the Battle of Arras. The efforts of this military force prompted the declaration"Never was so much owed by so many to so few." This force employed the Sopwith Camel during WorldWar I and the Supermarine Spitfire during World War II. For ten points, name this military force thatbattled the Luftwaffe to defend cities like Coventry and London.
Louis Kossuth
Hungarian revolutionary who briefly led the country and toured the United States after being exiled
Athens expedition to Sicily
Hyperbolus argued that this campaign should have included an attack on Carthage. This campaignbegan as a reply to Segesta's request for aid, and it was doomed by the arrival of Gylippus' reinforcements.This campaign received its first setback when the vandalization of the religious hermai statues was falselyblamed on commander Alcibiades [al-kih-bee-ah-deez], prompting him to defect to Sparta. For the point,name this disastrous Peloponnesian War expedition in which Athens attacked an Italian island.
the mind
Idealists assert that reality is ultimately constructed within this entity
Zog I
In 1939, Italy deposed this Albanian leader, who had been made King in 1928.
Nasser
In 1952, Muhammad Naguib and this man lead a military coup against King Farouk.
ASG
In 2000, this group partnered with a Chinese Triad during a raid on a resort, and planned onexchanging the hostages with Ramzi Yousef. This group placed TNT inside a television on Superferry14. This group, which was responsible for the Dos Palmas kidnappings in 2001, split off from the similarMNLF after being funded by Osama bin Laden. In 2016, this group abducted Indonesian sailors off theSulu Archipelago
Hassan Rouhani
In December 2016, this leader announced his country's official unit of currency would become theToman. This leader was elected in 2013 with the slogan of a "Government of prudence and hope" afterMahmoud Ahmadinejad served for two terms. This leader negotiated with the P5+1 countries regardinghis country's nuclear program, with a Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action agreed on in 2015.
Pena Nieto
In January 2017, protests erupted against this leader over increases in gas prices knownas the "Gasolinazo." The "I am 132" movement was established to protest this leader's 2012election. This leader was heavily crit cized for inaction over the 2014 (+) kidnapping of 43students in Iguala. This man's namesake "bots" spread propaganda in favor of him and hisparty, the (*) PRI. This leader canceled a meeting with Donald Trump after he said his country wouldrefuse to pay for a border wall.
Mugabe
In January of this year, this leader was named Chairman of the African Union and gave a speech justifying his policy of confiscating the land of white farmers.
Bodhisattva
In Japan, one of these figures in the form of a monk safeguards the souls of hell-beingsand children and is named Ksitigarbha. Another one of these figures supposedly had elevenfaces and names a dharani sutra translated by Xuanzang. One of these figures who isdepicted with a (+) thousand arms is named Guanyin in China based on a disputedtranslation of the name Avalokitesvara. Empress Wu Zetian claimed she was an incarnationof one of these figures named (*) Maitreya, who will teach the true dharma after the disappearanceof Gautama's teachings.
Vasco de gama
In March 2016, researchers found thousands of artifacts from this man's ship Esmeralda off the coastof Oman. The Zamorin believed that this man was not a royal ambassador because his gifts contained nogold or silver. He named Natal while passing through on Christmas Day. The Sao Gabriel was the flagshipof this explorer, who visited Mombasa and Calicut.
Bin Laden
In a 2004 video, this man spoke of his experience fighting "tyrannical superpowers,"having "bled Russia for 10 years." This man funded the Luxor Massacre and was inspiredby damage sustained during the Siege of Beirut to plan another attack. (+) Barack Obamatold Leon Panetta that this man was a top priority. From the USS Carl Vinson, this man'sremains were (*) buried at sea before the May 2, 2011 announcement of his death.
Mark Antony
In a Shakespeare play, this man declares that Brutus "was the noblest Roman of them all."
north sea
In a battle in this sea, the ships Iron Duke and Lion were baited into attacking Reinhard Scheer'sfleet. In this sea, the Ariadne was sunk and admiral Leberecht Maas was killed when a naval squadron wasambushed near Heligoland Bight. John Jellicoe and Franz Hipper's Royal Navy and High Seas Fleet facedoff at the World War I Battle of Jutland in, for the point, what sea located between Britain, Scandinavia,and Germany?
Ecuador
In a letter to Pope Pius IX [ninth], a leader of this country noted that Masonic Lodges,"instigated by Germany, are vomiting against me all sorts of atrocious insults and horriblecolumnities;" that leader of this country predicted his own assassination, which came bymachete at the hands of Faustin Rayo. Another President of this nation led its (+) LiberalRevolution of 1895. Gabriel Garcia Moreno and Eloy Alfaro were leaders of this country,where Mechor Aymerich lost an 1822 battle to Antonio Jos´e de Sucre on the slopes of the(*) Pichincha Volcano.
Second Opium War
In a major battle of this war, Sengge Renchen's Mongolian cavalry charged at James Hope Grant'sforces at the Eight-Mile Bridge. An amphibious landing at Beitang helped one side in this conflict capturethe Dagu forts. The USS San Jacinto was dispatched to capture the Barrier Forts during this conflict.The Treaties of Tianjin paused this war, which ultimately ended with Lord Elgin ordering the burningof the Summer Palaces.
Japan
In a novel set in this country, the main character and his companions are held captive in a pit asone of their comrades is boiled alive in front of them. Peter Marlowe is held captive by soldiers fromthis country in a novel about a tradesman who raises rats for food in a prison camp. In one novel, JohnBlackthorne arrives in this country on board the ship Erasmus; the character of Blackthorne was inspiredby William Adams. King Rat depicts a POW camp run by this country's army in Singapore.
Pelleponesian War
In a play that mocks this war, a farmer disguises his daughters as pigs and trades them for salt, whilethe main character holds a basket of charcoal hostage while trying to argue for an end to this war. Inanother play, a man flies a dung beetle to heaven to argue for an end to this war. A cause of this war wasan embargo against the colony of Megara, as related in the play The Acharnians. Aristophanes's comedyPeace satirizes the motives of general Cleon's actions in, for ten points, what war between Athens andSparta?
Machiavelli
In an attack on this man's work, Innocent Gentillet blamed this man for causing theSt. Bartholomew's Day Massacre. Voltaire edited and attempted to suppress work byFrederick the Great attacking this man, who drew some of his ideas from the (+) OrtiOricellari, and Rousseau argued that this man satirized one-man rule in a work that oftenappears with his made-up biography of Castruccio Castracane. This man idolized (*) CesareBorgia in a work that claims it is better to be feared than loved.
Santa anna
In an attempt to turn back liberal reforms, this man adopted the Plan of Cuernavaca, whichculminated in this man gaining dictatorial power. Florencio Villarreal plotted the removal of this man,who surrendered one war via the Treaty of Velasco. After this man was wounded in the Pastry War, hegave his leg a full military burial. This man was thwarted at the Battle of San Jacinto by Sam Houstona month after leading troops against a San Antonio mission defended by Davy Crockett.
Japan
In an epic poem set in this country, group of exiles send message to an old leaderby writing their names on thousand pieces of wood and casting them into the sea. Whilesick, the body of an evil poetic character from this country is so feverish that it turns (+)water to fire. A poem from this country is about a hut that "May change with a new owner/ Into a doll's house" and opens the collection (*) Narrow Road to the Deep North. The Tairaand Minamoto clans clash in The Tale of the Heike, an epic poem from this country.
The canterbury tales
In an unfinished story from this collection, Canace finds a falcon who was abandoned by her lover andthen shows a romantic interest in her brother, who is also Genghis Khan's son. In this collection's firststory, Palamon and Arcite fight in a massive battle to win Emily's hand in marraige. Characters in thiswork include the Squire and his father, the Knight, who tell stories during their pilgrimage to the shrineof Thomas Becket. For ten points, name this story collection by Geoffrey Chaucer.
Crecy
In battle immediately preceding this one, Godemar of Foy was defeated by forcethat was able to capture the namesake white lined ford; that battle was the Battle ofBlanchetaque, in which the Somme River was forded. Aymer (+) Rokesley is the onlyidentified knight among the dead of one side during this battle. A Bohemian noblemanknown as "Blind King John" was killed at this battle. A weapon used by the (*) Genoesewas unable to load as fast as a similar device that attained prominence at this battle.
Kwame Nkrumah
In opposition to the Coussey Committee, this man convened a People's Representative Assembly, to which he presented plans for general strikes, boycotts, and other forms of civil disobedience that he called "Positive Action".
Burning of Washington DC
In preparation for this event, the Octagon House was converted into a French consulate for itsprotection; it was later converted into federal housing. This event, a response to the destruction of privatehomes during the Raid on Port Dover, was preceded by the Battle of Bladensburg and ended in part by afluke tornado. This event caused an evacuation of a copy of the Lansdowne Portrait, which was legendarilysaved by Dolley Madison.
Kenyatta
In response to European colonialism, this man led the Mau Mau Rebellion.
Mussolini
In response to a rebellion led by the Senussi Order, this man ordered the genocidal"pacification" of another country. In a confrontation with Greece, this leader sent troopsto bombard and occupy the island of (+) Corfu. This leader formed the one-time StresaFront with his counterparts, Pierre Laval and Ramsay MacDonald; the Front broke apartafter this man declared war against (*) Haile Selassie ["highly" sel-ah-see]. This man rose to powerwhen a march by his Blackshirt paramilitaries forced the hand of Victor Emmanuel III.
Germany
In response to revelations regarding NSA surveillance, this country's leader said that "the Internet isuncharted territory for us all." Former President of European Parliament Martin Schulz announced hisintentions to run as the Social Democratic Candidate in October 2017 elections in this country. RecepErdogan [aird oh wan] accused this country of "Nazi practices" after pro-Erdogan rallies were cancelledin Frechen and Cologne.
9/11
In response to this event, St. Louis Cardinals sportscaster Jack Buck read a poem atBusch Stadium and stated "Should we be here? Yes!" Boston College lacrosse player WellesCrowther was the "man in the red bandana" during this event, which caused (+) PatTillman to leave the Arizona Cardinals. Owner Robert Kraft stated "Today, we are all (*)Patriots" after winning the first Super Bowl held after this event.
Tokugawa
In retirement, this man announced a series of articles limiting entertainment expenses and who canride on palanquins, the "Laws of the Military Houses." Late in life, this man lived in Sunpu Castle,where he had been held hostage as a child. This man abdicated the throne in favor of his son Hidetada[hi-day-tah-da]. This man's victory at Osaka Castle brought an end to the rival Toyotomi clan.
Plato
In that work, this man conceived of a perfect state ruled by philosopher-kings.
Malaria
In the 1970's, a Chinese scientist introduced a new recommended treatment for this disease afterreading a traditional Chinese medicine source written in 340 AD. Tu Youyou was awarded the 2015Nobel Prize in medicine for her discovery of a medication used to treat this disease named artemisinin.
Dominican Republic
In this country, two rival partiess were nicknamed the Sharks and the Tailless. A revolt among tobaccoplanters in this country led to the assassination of its president, Ulises Heureaux [you lee zays ay oh rokes],in 1899. The Military Intelligence Service, or SIM, was a secret police force operated in this country byJohnny Abbes. Another leader of this country had three sisters of the Mirabal family assassinated in 1960and notoriously executed people who pronounced the word "parsley" a certain way.
1980
In this election year, the "Draft Muskie" movement emerged to break a deadlockedconvention. John B. Anderson ran as an independent in this election. Controversy from the(+) Chappaquiddick incident 11 years earlier damaged Ted Kennedy's chances of beingnominated during this year. Despite the "voodoo economics" attack in this year's primaries,(*) George H.W. Bush was nominated for Vice President. The failure to resolve the Iran Hostage Crisishelped doom a re-election campaign in, for ten points, what year in which Jimmy Carter lost 44 states toRonald Reagan?
Parthian Empire
In this empire's "dark age," its split territory was ruled by two kings, Gotarzes I andOrodes I. This empire's forces once attempted to depose Tigranes [tig-RAH-nays] the Greatby invading Armenia. The Arsacid dynasty ruled this empire, whose (+) cavalry perfecteda tactic of feigning retreat only to suddenly turn around and launch a storm of arrows,known as its namesake "shot." That tactic was used by this empire's general, Surena, todeal a devastating defeat to the invading armies of (*) Marcus Crassus at the Battle of Carrhae.
bombing of darwin
In this event, a crash-landed Zero was captured intact, the first time the Allies had done so. FatherJohn McGrath observed incoming enemy forces from his post on Bathurst Island, but because they weremistakenly thought to be allied, the air raid sirens were not sounded until this event had begun. ChuichiNagumo led this attack to prevent allied opposition to the Japanese invasions of Timor and Java.
India
In this modern day country, Eyre Coote was victorious at the Battle of Wandiwash,leading to the end of France's presence here during the (+) Carnatic theatre of theSeven Years' War. A gunpowder-dampening rainstorm helped Robert Clive gain avictory against Mir (*) Jafar in this modern-day country. For ten points, name this countrywhere the Battle of Plassey enabled the dominance of a British joint stock company and, later, theBritish Raj?
Macedonia
In this modern-day country, Nikola Karev briefly led the breakaway Kruˇsevo Republic against theOttoman Empire. The Treaty of Niˇs [neess] forced Bulgarian Prime Minister Aleksandar Stamboliyski tocrack down on the activities of IMRO, a group named for this country; IMRO captured and assassinatedhim. This country is officially recognized under the acronym FYROM due to a naming dispute withits southern neighbor.
Macedonia
In this modern-day country, Nikola Karev briefly led the breakaway Kruˇsevo Republic against theOttoman Empire. The Treaty of Niˇs [neess] forced Bulgarian Prime Minister Aleksandar Stamboliyski tocrack down on the activities of IMRO, a group named for this country; IMRO captured and assassinatedhim. This country is officially recognized under the acronym FYROM due to a naming dispute withits southern neighbor. For ten points, name this southernmost of the former constituent countries ofYugoslavia, a country that shares its name with a region in Northern Greece.
Rif War
In this war, D´amaso Berenguer used "suffocating gas" with "true joy" after a supposedtreachery of the indigenous people. One country's monarchy lost political support after thiswar's Disaster of Annual which helped spark a 1923 coup led by (+) Primo de Rivera. AfterFrench outposts along the Oureghla [wear-g'lah] River were attacked in this war, the Frenchintervened on the side of a fellow European nation. The city of (*) Melilla was spared duringthis war on the orders of Abd el-Krim.
Rif War
In this war, D´amaso Berenguer used "suffocating gas" with "true joy" after a supposedtreachery of the indigenous people. One country's monarchy lost political support after thiswar's Disaster of Annual which helped spark a 1923 coup led by (+) Primo de Rivera. AfterFrench outposts along the Oureghla [wear-g'lah] River were attacked in this war, the Frenchintervened on the side of a fellow European nation. The city of (*) Melilla was spared duringthis war on the orders of Abd el-Krim. For ten points, name this 1920s war in which Spain defeated abreakaway republic in northern Morocco.
Poisoning water
Kathleen Lynch cites the presence of bones of "butchered animals" as evidence that the Persiansdid not commit this action as a deliberate military tactic. Finnish soldiers committed this action usinganimal feces during their retreat in the Winter War. In the aftermath of the Kanto Earthquake, Koreanswere often attacked after being accused of doing this. Synagogues were attacked during the Middle Agesas Jews were falsely blamed for spreading the plague via, for ten points, what specific type of biologicalwarfare?
Dao De Jing (Tao Te Ching)
Knowledge of this text was greatly advanced with the discovery of the Mawangdui silkmanuscripts and the Guodian slips. This text, which compares "ruling large state" to (+)"boiling a delicate fish," was allegedly produced when a guard asked its author to share hiswisdom before leaving the country on a water buffalo. It notes that a wise leader practices"inaction, and the people look after themselves" and begins with the assertion that the(*) Way is nameless.
Invasion of Panama
Kurt Muse was rescued during a raid on Carcel Modelo prison in this initiative, which securedFort Amador and the "Bridge of the Americas." This initiative called for the seizure of the El Chorilloneighboorhood, which was protected by Dignity Batallions. It led to the installment of Guillermo Endaraafter his predecessor was flushed out of the Vatican City embassy by loud music.
Sitting Bull
Lakota leader who was killed in 1890 by Indian agency police at Standing Rock for fears he wouldjoin the Ghost Dance movement.
Mobuto
Larry Devlin helped place him in power and gave him CIA briefings.
Aurangzeb
Last great Mughal Emperor, a son of Shah Jahan who ruled over the empire at its greatest extent.
Nyerere
Later in life, this figure attempted to mediate a civil war in Burundi, and this figure helped bring France-Albert Rene to power in the (*)) Seychelles.
Nasser
Later, he united his country with Syria to form the United Arab Republic.
Fugitive Slave act
Law that criminalized aiding an escaped slave and inspired massive civil disobedience.
Solidarity
Leaders of this organization controversially wore buttons depicting a black Madonna, and some ofthose leaders ran on a doctrine of "shock therapy." Secretary Kania's lax attitude towards this group, alongwith the Theses on Hope and Hopelessness, may have led to his downfall. The 21 Postulates of the MKSinspired this group, which engaged in the Round Table Talks with General Jaruzelski [yar-oo-zel-skee]after a strike in the Gdansk shipyards. For the point, name this trade union that was co-founded by formerelectrician Lech Walesa [vah-wen-sah] in Poland.
Jamestown
Matthew Scrivener briefly led this colony, but drowned with several others on a crossing to Hog Island.A leader of this settlement issued a "Rude Answer" to the Earls of Southampton and Salisbury, whoquestioned why this colony was a financial disaster. The Godspeed, Discovery, and captain ChristopherNewport's Susan Constant landed at this settlement, which was later led by John Smith. For ten points,name this first permanent English settlement established in Virginia.
Robert Moses
Mayor William O'Dwyer appointed this man to a "coordinator" position, from which he developedpublic authorities to avoid the legislative process. Walter O'Malley's disagreement with this man over theconstruction of a new stadium for the Brooklyn Dodgers prompted the team's move to Los Angeles. Thisman, who is often erroneously blamed for the demolition of Penn Station, is the subject of Robert Caro'sbiography, The Power Broker.
Commander in Chief
Military title assigned to the President in the Constitution as head of the armed forces.
Nero
Militis reported on a conspiracy against this man, leading to the executions of Flavius Scaevinus,the poet Lucan, and more than a dozen others. Verginius defeated a revolt against this man led by GaiusVindex. This man's general Suetonius Paulinus put down Boudicca's revolt. The Pisonian conspiracytargeted this man, whose death triggered the Year of the Four Emperors. For ten points, name thisemperor who legendarily fiddled while Rome burned?
McMullin
Mitt Romney refused to vote for either Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton in 2016; while we don'tknow who he voted for, it's entirely possible he voted for this Mormon candidate for president. This manreceived 21.5 percent of the vote in Utah and the fifth-most popular votes overall
Indian Ocean
Ocean reached by European explorers after rounding the Cape of Good Hope.
Atlantic Wall
Oceanic term for the "wall" of German defenses along the French coast?
Dadaism
One artist from this movement painted the f-holes of a violin on a classical Ingres[AHNG] nude and experimented with photograms now named after him. The New York (+)Armory show emboldened another artist in this movement to exhibit everyday objects, suchas snow shovels and bottle racks, as (*) "readymades;" that artist from this movement also signed"R. Mutt" on a urinal. Man Ray and Marcel Duchamp belonged to, for ten points, what avant-garde artmovement that flourished after World War I?
battle of singapore
One commander in this battle stationed himself at the easily targeted Sultan Ibrahimbuilding, knowing that the other side wasn't brave enough to blow it up. Force Z wasdestroyed prior to this battle. The Alexandra (+) Hospital massacre took place during thisbattle, where ANZAC troops were led by Gordon Bennett. After losing the Kranji River,a meeting at Fort Canning convinced one side to surrender, leading to what (*) WinstonChurchill called the "worst disaster" and "largest capitulation" of British soldiers in history.
Brazil
One composer from this country wrote a series of nine suites that fuse Bach-style Baroque harmoniesto this nation's folk music. A drought-stricken ranch in this nation's sert˜ao is the setting of GlauberRocha's film Black God, White Devil, a landmark film in a movement inspired from across the Atlanticby French New Wave called Cinema Novo. Heitor Villa-Lobos is the foremost composer of this country'sclassical style.
Dulles
One man with this surname was convinced by Edwin Land to override the Air Force and developthe U2 plane. The "Pactomania" period of forming extensive alliances was overseen by a man with thissurname who also developed the doctrines of massive retaliation and brinkmanship to counter Sovietstrength. One man with this surname served as Eisenhower's Secretary of State, and his brother oversawthe failed Bay of Pigs invasion as head of the CIA. For ten points, give the surname of 1950s Americandiplomats Allen and John Foster.
Kenyatta
Upon his release from exile in Lodwar, he was placed as head of the KANU Party.
Pahlavi
One member of this dynasty ordered Mohammed Pessian beheaded and his head displayed after herevolted against a coup that installed Ziaeddin Tabatabaee as Prime Minister. That member of this familywas appointed head of a Cossack brigade by Edmund Ironside and was the father of a man who threw anelaborate party to celebrate 2,500 years of the Persian Empire.
Kim family
One member of this family was the target of the unsuccessful August Faction incident to removehim from office. Another of this family's members pursued the songun policy and violated an AgreedFramework that he had signed with Madeleine Albright. One member of this family built a cult ofpersonality glorifying Mount Paektu and introduced the state ideology of Juche.
Operation Valkyrie
One of these actions involved the alleged shipment of two bottles of brandy aboard a plane inSmolensk. During one of these actions, the Reserve Army was activated by Friedrich Fromm, who laterdefected and executed the central planners. A briefcase bomb exploded at the Wolf's Lair but failed toaccomplish this action; that plan by Claus von Stauffenberg was the 20th of July plot. Had this actionsucceeded, Operation Valkyrie would have taken effect. For the point, name this never completed actionthat would have created a power vacuum in Nazi Germany.
department stores
One of these businesses was established in the Marble Palace at 280 Broadway by A.T. Stewart.Robert Wood, who made his name working at these businesses, was a key financial backer of the AmericaFirst movement. The Greensboro sit-in began at a lunch counter inside one of these businesses. Oneof these businesses sponsors New York City's annual Thanksgiving Day Parade. Frank Woolworth andMarshall Field founded, for the point, what type of business such as Sears and Macy's?
Gaul
One of these provinces boasted the largest Roman baths outside of Rome after Constantine renovatedAugusta Treverorum. Imperial Roman influence in these provinces began when Domitius Ahenobarbuswas summoned to aid the city of Massilia. This region, which was divided into the provinces of Belgica,Aquitania, and Celtica, was conquered when a circumvallation wall helped defeat the Averni tribe atAlesia. Julius Caesar conquered, for ten points, what ancient region in modern-day France?
Ireland
One of this country's culture heroes defends a brown bull from being stolen by single-handedly engaging (+) Queen Medb's [MAYV's] warriors during the Cattle Raid of Cooley.
Nasser
One of this leader's actions was backed by the US thanks to CIA operative Miles Copeland but was opposed by Operation Musketeer.
Litvinenko
One of this man's final meals was with Mario Scaramella at the Itsu sushi bar. After this man'sdeath, a world leader ominously stated "[this man] is, unfortunately, not Lazarus." This man's final publicstatement was addressed to that world leader, telling him "silence comes at a price." This man's deathwas due to alpha radiation poisoning from a sample of polonium-210 that had been put in his tea by FSBagents, probably on the orders of Vladimir Putin.
Mandela
One of this man's symbolic acts of unity involved wearing a Springboks shirt while presenting the winners' trophy at the Rugby World Cup.
Louis 9
One of this ruler's defeats inspired a man called the Master of Hungary to launch the Shepherds'Crusade. With James I of Aragon, this ruler signed the Treaty of Corbeil. He suppressed the rebel Hughof Lusignan at the Battle of Taillebourg. This subject of a biography by Jean de Joinville was defeated atthe Battle of Fariskur, part of a campaign in which he captured Damietta but failed to conquer Egypt.For ten points, name this leader of the Seventh Crusade, the only French king to be canonized.
Turkey
One politician from this country insisted that Jan B¨ohmermann stand trial for a poem that impliedhe has sex with goats and watches child pornography. That politician shuttered the main oppositionpaper in this country, Zaman. This country shot down a Russian Su-24 after it allegedly encroached onits airspace, and it reached an agreement with the EU where it would receive billions in aid in exchangefor taking Syrian refugees from Greece.
Lombards
One ruler of these people donated the town of Sutri to Pope Gregory II for protection against theByzantine army. The murder of another ruler named Cleph spurred a political interregnum for thesepeople known as the Rule of the Dukes. Rothari names this people's law code which, according to Paulthe Deacon, was initially memorized.
Mughal
One ruler of this empire met his end after falling down a library staircase while attempting toheed a muezzin's call to prayer. The Nine Jewels, including Birbal, were advisors to this empire, wherethe Din-i-ilahi religion was established in an attempt to merge Hinduism and Islam. This empire wasestablished following Ibrahim Lodi's defeat at Panipat in 1526.
Mehmed
One ruler of this name secured his power by having his deaf-mute assistants execute 19 of hisbrothers. A ruler of this name known as "the Hunter" was overthrown in 1687 and imprisoned in TopkapiPalace. Another ruler of this name was convinced by Candarli Halil to return power to his father, but laterretook the throne and ordered Orban to construct the Dardanelles Gun to launch a siege on the GoldenHorn. That ruler of this name defeated Constantine XI Palaiologos in 1453, earning the nickname "theConqueror."
Mehmed
One ruler of this name secured his power by having his deaf-mute assistants execute 19 of hisbrothers. A ruler of this name known as "the Hunter" was overthrown in 1687 and imprisoned in TopkapiPalace. Another ruler of this name was convinced by Candarli Halil to return power to his father, but laterretook the throne and ordered Orban to construct the Dardanelles Gun to launch a siege on the GoldenHorn. That ruler of this name defeated Constantine XI Palaiologos in 1453, earning the nickname "theConqueror." For ten points, give this name shared by the Ottoman sultan who captured Constantinople.
Mugabe
One scandal under this man's rule saw officials move their names to the top of lists for cars from the country's only manufacturer, and then resell those cars at exorbitant prices for a profit, the Willowdale Scandal.
Agincourt
One side at this battle had previously besieged Harfleur
the mind
One thinker argued that humans acquire knowledge through this entity rather than the physical senses using the example of a melting ball of wax
Volcanic eruption
Rogier Verbeek studied one of these events, having directly witnessed it from Buitenzorg. One ofthese events is hypothesized to have occurred in late 1808, based on a peak in sulfate concentration inArctic ice cores and South American descriptions of atmospheric anomalies. One of these events at MountTambora caused 1816 to be a "year without a summer." The red sky in Edward Munch's The Screamwas inspired by one of these events that devastated islands in the Sunda Strait. For the point, name thistype of event that, in 1883, destroyed the island of Krakatoa and killed tens of thousands of people withpyroclastic flows.
Nigeria
Royal Dutch Shell was sued by people from this country after Ogoniland protesters, including KenSaro-Wiwa and the Ogoni 9, were killed. In 2009, a group in this country besieged a Bauchi police station,instigating clashes that killed its leader Mohammed Yusuf; that group's current leader, Abubakar Shekau,rebranded that group as the Islamic State in West Africa after pledging allegiance to ISIS.
Jamaica
Samuel Sharpe led a revolt in this country against the UK during the Baptist War. Thiscountry's Cockpit Country was the home of the first of the Maroon Wars. An activist bornin this country founded the (+) Black Star Line as part of his Back to Africa movement.This country's Port Royal grew via frequent use by (*) pirates like Henry Morgan, but wasrocked by a 1692 earthquake. Marcus Garvey was born in, for ten points, what Caribbean island countrywhere earthquake survivors founded the city of Kingston?
Baker
Sara, a person with this surname, invented a recipe for baby formula while working with infants inHell's Kitchen and twice traced epidemics to Typhoid Mary. A woman with this surname was the onlyfemale speaker during the 1963 March on Washington and was the first African-American dancer to geta lead operatic roles in Europe. A man with this last name served as White House Chief of Staff underRonald Reagan and as Secretary of State under George H.W. Bush.
railroads
Sherman's troops carried out a scorched-earth campaign during the March to the Sea, includingmaking so-called "neckties" out of these objects.
Battle of Fallujah
Scott Helvenston was one of four men killed in an ambush in this city; that killing of Blackwatercontractors prompted Mark Kemitt to promise "we will pacify [this city]." Haider al-Abadi's forcesrecaptured this city in Operation Breaking Terrorism. A documentary subtitled "The Hidden Massacre"focuses on the claim that white phosphorus was used against civilians at the second battle of this city in2004. It was the first city taken by ISIS during its 2014 invasion of Iraq.
philosophers
Sculptural depictions of one member of this profession are classified as Type A or Type B; Type Bworks are inspired by a bronze statue made by Lysippos. Another man of this profession wears a whiterobe and gold, sash-like chain and rests his hand on a bust in a dark portrait by Rembrandt. In a paintingby Jacques-Louis David, a member of this profession holds a cup and points upward as his friends andfollowers lament. For the point, name this profession of the central figure of The Death of Socrates.
Mandela released from prison
Shortly after the occurrence of this event, its main participant delivered a speech which commended a contemporary politician as "a man of integrity who is acutely aware of the dangers of a public figure not honoring his undertakings," but noted that the "reality is that we are still suffering under the policy of the Nationalist government."
Aparthied
Shortly before his death, an opponent of this policy was shackled naked to the backof a Land Rover during an 1100 kilometer road trip. A campaign of "rolling mass action"against this policy led to the Bisho massacre, carried out by the armed forces of the Ciskei(+) Bantustan. The armed group Umkhonto We Sizwe was established to fight this policyafter the Sharpeville Massacre. This policy ended after the National Party was defeated ina 1994 election. (*)
Kingdom of Hawaii
Simon Metcalfe massacred inhabitants of this kingdom in Olowalu before his assistants John Youngand Isaac Davis went to work for its king. Men and women were forbidden from eating together by thiskingdom's kapu system of taboos. This kingdom's founder protected citizens during wartime with the Lawof the Splintered Paddle. Lorrin Thurston helped write this kingdom's Bayonet Constitution, and he lateroverthrew its Queen Liliuokalani. For ten points, name this kingdom that was unified after the conquestof Oahu.
Kwame Nkrumah
Sir Charles Arden-Clarke reached the decision to release this man from prison while shaving at Christiansborg Castle
Thatcher
Sir Patrick Wright, this leader's Permanent Under-Secretary of the Foreign Office, detailed thisleader's desire for a white South Africa, as it was before 1910. This leader refuted hunger strikes at MazePrison, saying "crime is crime is crime." Ian Paisley's "Ulster Says No" campaign attacked this leader'sdeal with Garrett FitzGerald that gave Ireland an advisory role in Northern Ireland. This leader won anelection with the slogan "Labour Isn't Working."
Katrina
Some survivors from this event were relocated to the Astrodome when the Superdome became overcrowded.
Tanzania
The British sponsored a failed scheme to plant vast amounts of peanuts in this modernday country to provide much-needed oil. A rebellion in this modern-day country that wascrushed by Gustav Adolf von Gotzen was led by Kinjikitile (+) Ngwale, who spread thebelief that bullets would turn into water if warriors consumed a "war medicine" called maji.A colony encompassing the territory of this modern-day country was the target of the Alliesin the (*) East Africa Campaign, which managed to wrest it from German colonial control.
Nyerere
The Chama Cha Mapinduzi party was founded by this leader, who was succeeded by Ali Hassan Mwinyi.
schism
The Conciliarism Movement arose due to one of these events, while another was triggered by the filioque [fill-ee-OH-kwuh] clause.
Battle of Crecy
The English longbow also played a big role in this 1346 battle, where it prevailed over Genoesecrossbows. Shortly after this battle, Calais [cah-lay] fell to England.
London
The European Medical Agency was placed in this city in 1995, along with the European BankingAuthority in 2011. This city's Docklands area was revitalized in the 1980s, and its Canary Wharf hassince become a major financial center, alongside its more traditional City. Ken Livingstone became thismetropolis's first elected mayor in 2000 and promised reforms including "bendy" buses to replace its iconictwo-story buses. For ten points, name this economic center of Britain.
Mobuto
The FNLC tried to overthrow this ruler in the two Shaba invasions.
Nehru
The Fazal Ali commission was created by this man to reorganize states. This man used the ForwardPolicy to fight China over the Line of Actual Control. V. K. Menon served as this man's secretary ofdefense before resigning after the 1962 Sino-Indian War. In one speech, this man declared "the light hasgone out of our lives" after the assassination of his mentor; in another speech, he discussed a "Tryst withDestiny."
Garros
The French Open is held at a complex named for this French aviator, who claimed that he wasinvolved in the "first air battle in world history" and that he flew a plane into a zeppelin.
Cordoba
The Khazar Correspondence was carried out by minister of this state, Hasdai ibnShaprut, who served as the Jewish court physician. Almanzor guided this state to its heightas regent for the young Hisham II. Its re gious toler tion led to the creation of classcalled the (+) Mozarabs. This state dissolved after a fitna led to the creation of independenttaifas. Its Great Mosque, now a (*) Catholic cathedral, was constructed by Abd al-Rahman I, whosuccessfully established this state, which lasted from 929 to 1031.
Sir walpole
The Porteous Riots occurred after the death of an ally of this man, Queen Caroline. This man putforth the requirement that all plays were to be reviewed by the Lord Chamberlain, probably because hedisliked his caricaturization as Mr. Peachum in John Gay's The Beggar's Opera. This man was forced toresign from the Parliament after losing the War of Jenkins' Ear.
Purple heart
The Presidential Unit Citation and two of these decorations were given to Sergeant Reckless, a horse.A civilian award analogous to this medal is the Secretary of Defense Medal for the Defense of Freedom.The Badge of Military Merit was the predecessor of this award, whose medal depicts a gold-colored GeorgeWashington in profile. While serving as the officer of a Swift Boat during the Vietnam War, John Kerryreceived three of, for the point, what military decoration given to soldiers who are wounded or killed inservice?
Cape to Cairo
The Punch cartoon of Rhodes as a colossus served as a metaphor for this unfinished project thatwould have followed a metaphorical "red line."
Brezhnev
The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan began under this Soviet Premier, who signed the HelsinkiAccords.
Havana
The Spanish administrative capital, still the capital of modern Cuba?
Khalid el Islambouli
The Wafd Party was reborn as the New Wafd Party in the aftermath of the 1981 assassinationof Anwar Sadat, planned by this army officer.
Ken Starr
The Whitewater investigation was headed by this man, who later produced a report alleging that Clinton had lied about an extramarital affair.
California
The Workingman's (+) Party in this state was led by Denis Kearney.
Vicksburg
The battle of Champion Hill helped lead to the capture of this location.
FBI
The behavior of this organization was at the heart of the Katz and Olmstead Supreme Court cases. Aformer employee of this organization, Robert Hanssen, is currently serving fifteen consecutive life sentencesin jail. Other employees of this organization included Helen Gandy and Clyde Tolson, who were closeadvisers of its longtime director.
Kenyatta
The book Dreams from My Father recounts conflicts this predecessor of Daniel Arap Moi had with Barack Obama, Sr.
Egypt
The center of the Place [plahss] de la Concorde contains a monument from this country that wasgifted to Louis-Philippe by Muhammad Ali Pasha. Jean Champollion [sham-pole-lee-ohn] became theLouvre's curator of art from this country after he worked on deciphering a script found here. A militarycampaign to this country discovered a black stone engraved with the same inscription in Greek, Demoticscript and hieroglyphs, the Rosetta Stone. .
Iran Nuclear program
The day after the Benghazi attacks, Sergei Shmatko attended an opening cer monyinvolving this program. Jeffrey Sterling was arrested for revealing plot to sab tagethis program known as Oper tion Merlin. A group known as the People's Mujahideenassassinated members of this program, which includes facility in (+) Bushehr builtwith Russian assistance. This program suffered a major setback in 2010 when 20% of itsproductive capability was destroyed by the Stuxnet cyberweapon.
Prime Minister of Israel
The death of one holder of this position was recorded by Roni Kempler and used asevidence by the Shamgar Commission to force Carmi Gillon to resign. One holder of thisposition resigned after he was caught having a US Dollar bank account, which he used whileserving as an ambassador. (+) Yigal Amir assassinated one holder of this position during arally in support of the Oslo Accords. The Labor Party's (*) Isaac Herzog lost the most recentelection for this position, which was won by the Likud Party.
Indus river valley
The development of Mehrgarh was a direct predecessor to this culture. Deciphering the approximately400 symbols in this culture's writing system, including a mysterious unicorn, is an important open questionin archaeology. The Great Bath was built by this culture, which possessed the most advanced urbanplanning and sanitation systems of the ancient world. The docks at Lothal were constructed by thisculture, as were the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro. For the point, name this ancient culture thatflourished around a namesake Pakistani river.
First lady
The first holder of this position used it to establish the "Republican Court," which convenedparties in New York and Philadelphia. Emily Donelson assumed this position after the sudden death ofher aunt, and Harriet Lane fulfilled this role for her legal guardian. A copy of the Landsdowne portraitwas legendarily saved from invading soldiers by a holder of, for the point, what position held by DolleyMadison, Martha Washington, and other Presidential spouses?
Inca
The first leader of this empire consolidated the tribes under him with the help of the Ayar brothers.Another man led this empire after his brother, Ninan Cuyochi, died of smallpox. A Dominican namedVincent de Valverde was spared by a man who usurped this empire's throne after ruling over Quito; thatman was defeated at the 1532 Battle of Cajamarca and was the half-brother of its earlier leader Hu´ascar.
Indian National Congress
The first meeting of this political party ended with "three cheers for the Queen-Empress."
Sikh Gurus
The first member of this group wrote a poetry collection, Asa di Var, that was compiled by anothermember of this group, Arjan Dev. The tenth member of this group initiated the five Panj Pyare into theKhalsa. Members of this group include Amar Das and a man born Gobind Rai. The final member of thisgroup is, and will eternally be, the Adi Granth, a religious text.
San Francisco
The first plague epidemic in the U.S. began in this city in 1900. A resident of this city namedJoshua Norton issued his own money and declared himself Emperor of the United States. Daniel Burnhamproposed a Haussmann-style reconstruction of this city, where Levi Strauss founded his jeans companyfollowing the 1849 California Gold Rush. Alcatraz Prison lies in a bay north of, for the point, whatCalifornia city that was struck by a 1906 earthquake and fire?
Textile industry
The first site to establish this industry in the U.S. was the Beverly Manufactory. A man nicknamed"the traitor" memorized the designs of British equipment used in this industry and recreated it in theU.S.; that man was Samuel Slater. The Waltham-Lowell system placed young girls in this industry inboardinghouses in Massachusetts and Rhode Island. The product of Eli Whitney's gin was used in, forten points, what industry that converted cotton into shirts and pants?
Pat Robertson
The founder of the charity Operation Blessing International, he is also the founder of the Christian Broadcasting (*) Network
Sultanate of Granada
The founder of this kingdom belonged to the Banu al-Ahmar clan in Arjona. This kingdom supporteda failed invasion by the Marinid dynasty, which was defeated at the Battle of R´ıo Salado. This kingdomwas able to unite the remaining independent cities after defeat at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. Aruler of this kingdom was, after its fall, given an estate in the Alpujarras; that man, Boabdil, ruled fromthe Alhambra palace.
Persian Gulf wars
The initial invasion of this war may have sought to capture Jaber al-Sabah from DasmanPalace, but he fled and ruled in exile from a Saudi Arabian hotel room. In this war, the (+)Republican Guard was defeated in a vast desert at the Battle of 73 Easting, called "thelast great tank battle of the (*) 20th century." Coalition forces in this war were led by "Stormin'"Norman Schwarzkopf, who devised this war's tactical plan, Operation Desert Storm.
Triple Alliance
The leader of the losing side of this war was killed by man known as "Frank the Devil."The Campaign of the Hills was the final phase of this conflict, which included the siege of theFortress of Humait´a. (+) Rutherford B. Hayes helped lead negotiations in the aftermath ofthis conflict which included the Battle of Tuyut´ı. Eliza Lynch was the wife of the leader ofthe losing country, which lost over (*) two-thirds of its adult male population.
Chernobyl
The long lasting effects of this event were studied in the 2006 TORCH report. The firstresponders to this event were formed into the "liquidators" and given medals of red dropsof blood overlapped by (+) alpha and beta particles. A facility in Forsmark, Sweden foundevidence of this event the following day. This event created the (*) Red Forest in a 30 kilometerexclusion zone around Pripyat.
Camden
The loser of this battle made the mistake of deploying Richard Caswell's militia against his enemy'sstrongest flank. It was preceded by the battle of Waxhaws. Johann de Kalb was killed during this battle,which was prompted by Lord Rawdon's calls for aid. This battle was decided when the North Carolinaand Delaware regiments were broken by Tarleton's Legion. This victory for Charles Cornwallis led colonialleadership to appoint Nathanael Greene as commander in the South.
Sugar
The main crop of Cuba, whose workers were organized into a revolution by Carlos Cespedes [SESS-pay-dace] and which is used to make rum?
Ostend
The manifesto written by Pierre Soule [soo-LAY] that declared that the U.S. should acquire Cuba?
Of Plymouth Plantation
The original manuscript of this work was taken by British soldiers after they capturedthe Old South Meeting House's tower, where it was held. Samuel Eliot Morison wrote apreface to this work in which he claimed that it made its central subjects "the spiritual (+)ancestors of all Americans." This work, a series of journal articles made between 1630 and1651, notably omits any mention of a disembarkation from a (*) rock and ends by listing thepassengers of the Mayflower. For ten points, name this text that details the early history of the Pilgrims,written by William Bradford.
China
The other Asian power which Japan defeated in an 1894-5 war?
California
The owner of the Central Pacific Railroad became governor of this state in the 1860s.
Mugabe
The party led by this politician won a 2000 election against Morgan Tsvangirai's MDC party, but the EU said the election was neither free nor fair.
Korea
The peninsular country annexed by Japan in 1910, ending its Choson Dynasty?
Oklahoma city bombing
The perpetrator of this event used a pseudonym based on Star Trek, Robert D. Kling.This event led to the passing of AEDPA. The perpetrator of this event carried an envelopecontaining pages from the Turner Diaries and cited a passage from John Locke about theright to (+) kill those who take away liberty. This event was supposedly motivated by theRuby Ridge incident and Waco siege, and it employed an altered Ryder truck. It was the(*) deadliest attack on American soil before 9/11.
Doctors
The phrase "your name is mud" refers to a man with this job.
Prague Spring
The policies of this period were supported by Ludvik Svoboda. To protest the end of this event,Jan Palach committed self-immolation. This event ended with the "Normalization" period under GustavHusak, and it had begun after the ouster of Antonin Novotny. The initiator of this period, who promulgatedan "Action Plan" and "socialism with a human face," was Alexander Dubcek. Soon after Leonid Brezhnevsent Warsaw Pact troops to quell it, he formulated his namesake Doctrine.
Tang
The sancai [san-tsye] technique of three-color pottery glazing dates to this dynasty.
Ottoman
The ships Goeben and Breslau were able to find haven in this nation's waters. The Treaty of Erzincanhelped end one conflict that this nation entered after the Battle of Odessa. This nation, which lost controlof Jerusalem to Edmund Allenby, was led by the Pashas Enver and Talaat. The Treaties of Sevres andLausanne brought an end to this empire. It faced a revolt in the Hejaz led by T.E. Lawrence and itperpetrated the Armenian Genocide.
Alexandria
The site of a namesake "lighthouse" as well as the Sarapeum [suh-ROPP-ee-um]?
Mandela
This man announced the formation of the Elders, and is currently the only former member of that group to be (*)) deceased.
Oklahoma City Bombing
The target of this event had, twelve years earlier, been the target of vague plot byChristian terrorist group called the Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord; onemember of the CSA, Richard Snell, was ex cuted for double murder on the day of this eventin an apparent coincidence. The deaths of (+) Randy Weaver's wife and son inspired thisevent, which was planned for the second anniversary of the siege of the (*) Branch Davidiancompound in Waco, Texas.
Battle of Endor
The victorious commander realizes that this battle is a trap before its beginning and is a Mon Calamari named Admiral Ackbar
Bulgars
These people reached their golden age under Simeon I, who waged successful campaignsagainst their Khazar enemies. Scholars belonging to this ethnic group developed the firstCyrillic script. Krum, a ruler of these people, allegedly lined the (+) skull of Nikephoros Iwith silver and used it as a drinking cup. After losing the Battle of Kleidion, these peoplewere supposedly blinded en masse by the Byzantine emperor Basil II, who then becameknown as a (*) "slayer" of them. For ten points, name this nomadic European ethnic group, thenamesake of a modern country whose capital is Sofia.
Tubman
This activist donated a portion of land to the AME Zion Church to establish a home for the elderly.During one mission, this woman pulled out a revolver and threatened a man "you go on or die." WilliamLloyd Garrison gave a religious nickname to this woman, who never ran her "train off the track" or "losta passenger." For the point, name this woman, nicknamed Moses, who assisted dozens of slaves as aconductor on the Underground Railroad.
Fredrick Douglass
This author of "What to The Slave is The Fourth of July?" lived at Cedar Hill and clashed with William Lloyd Garrison
Christopher Marlowe
This author of (*) Edward II and Tamburlaine the Great also had the ghost of Machiavelli deliver the prologue to his play The Jew of Malta
Nyerere
This author of Freedom and Development
Claudius
This author wrote about a watchmaker and a draper who choose to be executed rather than to giveup a password to enemy forces in his story "Two Friends." Rachel hides in a bell tower after stabbinga drunken officer to death in this author's story "Mademoiselle Fifi." The prostitute Elizabeth Roussetflees during the Franco-Prussian War in this author's story "Ball of Fat." For the point, name this Frenchauthor who wrote about a piece of fake jewelry in "The Necklace?"
Maupassant
This author wrote about a watchmaker and a draper who choose to be executed rather than to giveup a password to enemy forces in his story "Two Friends." Rachel hides in a bell tower after stabbinga drunken officer to death in this author's story "Mademoiselle Fifi." The prostitute Elizabeth Roussetflees during the Franco-Prussian War in this author's story "Ball of Fat." For the point, name this Frenchauthor who wrote about a piece of fake jewelry in "The Necklace?"
Lepanto
This battle enabled Marco Barbaro to broker a peace that would not be broken untilthe War of Candia. The Knights of Saint Stephen legendarily captured the enemy standardsduring a counterattack by Marcantonio Colonna in this battle. One side found time togather its forces for this battle after (+) Marco Bragadin's last stand at Famagusta. Theflagship Real [ray-ahl] withstood an attack by Ulu¸c Ali [oo-looch Ali] in this battle, where(*) Miguel Cervantes lost his left arm.
Somme
This battle included a clash at Flers-Courcelette [flair cor-seh-lett] where key reinforcements fromCanada and New Zealand arrived. As part of this battle, Hubert Gough led an offensive on ThiepvalRidge that was planned by Douglas Haig. The Pals Battalions were dissolved after this battle due to amassive amount of casualties. The tank was first used at, for the point, what inconclusive, months-longWorld War I battle in which the UK suffered nearly 60,000 casualties in one day in 1916?
Nyerere
This man appointed Ali Hassan Mwinyi as his successor, and he later backed Benjamin Mkapa as president over Jakaya Kikwete.
Levithian
This book states that "that which is not 'body' is no part of the universe," supportinga corporeal view of God. In a feud with its author, bishop John Bramhall published a tractabout the "Catching of" this book. This book, which was begun while its author taught (+)mathematics to a young Charles II in Paris, calls ignorance of scripture the "Kingdom of(*) Darkness." This book's first section, "Of Man," argues that the state of nature is characterized bythe war of all against all. For ten points, name this book that argues for strong monarchies by ThomasHobbes.
Taney
This chief justice joined a dissent by Samuel Nelson in holding that only Congress has the powerto declare war in the Prize Cases. This justice argued for a narrow interpretation of contracts and forcommunity rights in his majority opinion in a dispute between the Warren Bridge and the Charles RiverBridge. This man stated that Article 3 of the Constitution did not give African-Americans citizenship inwhat is often seen as one of the Supreme Court's worst verdicts. For ten points, name this Chief Justiceduring the Dred Scott decision.
Tel aviv
This city grew according to plan created by Patrick Geddes, and its Engel House is thefirst building here to make use of pilotis. A central roundabout here is named for the wife ofits first mayor, Meir Dizengoff, and the world's largest collection of (+) International Stylebuildings can be found in its "White City." This city took its name from the title of a novelby Theodor (*) Herzl and was founded in 1909 on the northern outskirts of Jaffa.
Atlantic city
This city once boasted the 600-room United States Hotel as the country's biggest hotel. In thiscity, a flood struck a candy shop owned by David Bradley, who then invented salt water taffy. This city'slandmarks include the Marven Gardens, one of numerous inspirations for the board game Monopoly. TheSteel Pier and the former Trump Taj Mahal are located along this city's boardwalk, the first in the UnitedStates. For the point, name this gambling resort city on New Jersey's coast.
Carthage
This city was saved from destruction following a loss at Cape Ecnomus thanks to thearrival of the Spartan mercenary Xanthippus [zan-thi-puss]. This city was able to retain itsLibyan settlements after putting down a revolt in the (+) Truceless War. A commanderfrom this city had his head thrown into his brother's tent following the Battle of theMetaurus. The (*) Fabian strategy of delay was used against this city, which met its final defeat whenloud horns thwarted its contingent of elephants at the battle of Zama.
Rome
This city's Academy of Saint Luke hosted lectures by artists who worked in this city like FedericoZuccaro. A scholarship established by Louis XIV called the "Prix [pree] de" [this place] allowed Frencharchitects and painters to study in this city. A statue of a personification of this city sits on a pedestalcontaining reliefs of a wolf and two infants in Jacques-Louis David's depiction of lictors bringing bodiesto Lucius Junius Brutus. The Trevi Fountain is located in, for the point, what Italian city?
Cairo
This city's House of the Cretan Woman is located in a place of worship dedicated to a Turkicslave-soldier. A Sicilian ghulam named Jawhar was tasked with founding this city, which is home to amosque dedicated to Ahmad ibn Tulun. Soldiers under Saladin made soles for their shoes out of booksconfiscated from the library of this city's still-existing university at Al-Azhar. The Fustat was burned toprevent this city's capture by Crusaders.
Chicago
This city's artificial Northerly Island was created as part of a namesake "Plan" for this city developedby Daniel Burnham. A series of canal locks developed in this city during the late 19th century reversedthe flow of its namesake river. Four red stars are located between two light blue horizontal bars on thisAmerican city's flag. This county seat of Cook County contains the "L" rapid transit system and NavyPier. For the point, name this most populous city in Illinois.
Johannesburg
This city's community of Lenasia is historically home to its Indian population, and its Carlton Centreis the tallest skyscraper on its continent. This city was established following the discovery of gold alongthe Witwatersrand. A formerly-separate suburb of this city is home to Orlando Stadium, which blackstudents marched to in a 1976 protest against the mandatory teaching of Afrikaans.
Tambo
This colleague of Nelson Mandela authorized the Church Street bombing in his role as Presidentof the African National Congress, a post he held from 1967 until 1991. He spent almost all of that time inexile in London.
Ford
This company developed a program called "The Way Forward" after former Boeing employee Alan Mulally was appointed CEO and became the only one of the Big (*) Three in its industry not to receive a bailout following the 2008 financial crisis.
Microsoft
This company's questionable business tactics were revealed in the Halloween documents.This company managed to avoid paying any royalty fees to Spyglass by giving one oftheir products away for free. The CEO of this company was said to be (+) "evasive andunresponsive" during a deposition in which he repeatedly said "I don't recall." ThomasPenfield Jackson ordered the (*) breakup of this company in 1999, a ruling that was later reversedand settled.
Golden Temple
This complex houses the "throne of the immortal one," or Akal Takht. Massa Ranghar profaned thisstructure by performing acts of gluttony and debauchery in it. Reginald Dyer commanded troops thatcommitted a massacre near this structure in the Jallianwalla Bagh garden. This structure is located ina lake whose waters are known as the "pool of ambrosial nectar." In 1984, two bodyguards disgruntledover the fact that this complex was targeted in Operation Blue Star assassinated Indira Gandhi.
Handel
This composer likely hired horn players from Bohemia for the premiere of a piece whose first suite,in F major, includes an "Adagio e staccato" movement. This composer included "La Paix" [la pay] in asuite for wind band written to celebrate the Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle, and he included hornpipes in apiece written for a concert for King George I held on a barge on the Thames. For ten points, name thisGerman-born English composer of Music for the Royal Fireworks and Water Music.
Kieven Rus
This empire was led by a ruler who re-conquered Red Ruthenia and made peace with Casimir theRestorer. The Pechenegs launched numerous raids into this empire and besieged its capital city in 968.After it was invaded by Batu Khan, this empire was put under the so-called "Tatar Yoke." A grand princewho ruled this empire employed the Varangians to reconquer Novgorod in 978.
Tchakovsky
This composer wrote his own libretto for an opera based on Ivan the Terrible's secret police, TheOprichnik. In another of this man's operas, Herman takes his own life after seeing the title object whilegambling. The title character of another opera by this composer rejects Tatyana and kills Lensky in aduel. This composer of The Queen of Spades and Eugene Onegin used a celesta for the "Dance of theSugar Plum Fairy" in another work. For the point, name this Russian composer of The Nutcracker
First Sino-Japanese War
This conflict opened with the battle of Pungdo, in which mutineers prevented T.R. Galsworthy fromsurrendering to the Naniwa. The public display of Kim Ok-gyun's dismembered body helped prompt thisconflict. The Kowshing sunk in this conflict that was accelerated by one side's dependence on soy beanimports. The Triple Intervention occurred in this conflict, which opened with a dispute regarding theDonghak Peasant Rebellion and ended with the 1895 Treaty of Shimonoseki.
Taiwan
This country arrested Peng Ming-min, who spent four years under house arrest before fleeing toSweden. A leader of this country once declared "the sky is not big enough for two suns." This country wasthe site of the February 28 incident, which resulted in 40 years of martial law called the White Terror.In 1996, this country held its first direct presidential election, resulting in a Kuomintang victory. ChiangKai-Shek fled to, for the point, what island, home to the Republic of China?
Pakistan
This country attempted to recreate a Six Day War strategy by launching Operation Chengiz Khan,disabling a rival's air force in retaliation for their support of Mukti Bahini. Under Yahya Khan, thiscountry launched Operation Searchlight to suppress the Awami League, a nationalist movement in abreakaway state. This country fought the Kargil War and frequently contests the region of Kashmir withits eastern neighbor.
Pakistan
This country passed the Objectives Resolution as the basis for its constitution. It fought a nationalistmovement in its eastern half with Operation Searchlight and its incursion across the Line of Controlstarted the Kargil War. The Lahore Resolution proposed the creation of this country, which lies on thenorthwest side of the Radcliffe Line.
Sudan
This country was the site of the Battle of Umm Diwaikarat, where the remnants of Abdallahi ibnMuhammad's rebels were defeated. A rebellion in this country began when fanatics ambushed WilliamHicks, but it was reconquered by the British after Herbert Kitchener's victory at the Battle of Omdurman.This country was the site of the Mahdist revolt, whose casualties included Chinese Gordon during a battlefor the capital. For the point, name this country whose capital of Khartoum fell in 1885
Nazi Germany
This country was the site of the first usage of jamming chaff, where planes used "window" tinfoil stripsto block radar during Operation Gomorrah. This country was the target of Operation Chastise, whereBarnes Wallis developed an explosive that could jump on water to strike the Eder valley. Arthur Harriswas accused of committing an "act of terror" by Winston Churchill after his planes set off a firestormthat killed 25,000 in this country's region of Saxony.
Bolivia
This country's Foreign Minister Mariano Baptista signed an 1874 treaty settling itswestern border, but this country reneged on the agreement a year later. This countrysolidified control of its southern valley of Tarija in exchange for giving up control of the(+) Atacama Plateau. The Lacajahuira [lah-kah-h'weera] River is the only drainage of thiscountry's Lake Poop´o [poh-poh]. The remains of (*) Tiwanaku were discovered in this countrynear the southeastern shores of Lake Titicaca.
Belize
This country's Orange Walk District is home to the ancient city of Lamanai, and a logger discoveredCaracol here while searching for mahogany trees. European settlers here known as Baymen fought thebattle of St. George's Caye. This country relocated its capital inland in response to 1961's HurricaneHattie, and was known as British Honduras until 1973.
Ireland
This country's folk heroes include Cuchulain and Finn McCool.
Ireland
This country's lore includes a "plain of joy" called Mag Mell, and a land of youth called Tir na nog.
Japan
This country's post-World War II years are described in the nihilistic novel The Decay of the Angel.A novel set in this country features characters called The Minister of the Left and the Minister of theRight. Father Rodrigues' journal provides much of the action in a novel set in this country called Silence.The customs of this country's court life are detailed in The Pillow Book, as well as a novel featuring LadyAoi.
KSM
This detainee at Guantanamo Bay is considered the "architect" of the 9/11 attacks, havingconvinced Osama bin Laden to crash planes into specific targets.
Idi amin
This dictator led a failed invasion of a country led by Julius Nyerere and allegedly ordered the murder of (*) Dora Bloch
Mobuto
This dictator, who was fond of leopard-skin hats, mandated the wearing of a tunic called the abacost.
Calculus
This discipline was criticized by George Berkeley for invoking "ghosts of departedquantities." This discipline initially made use of a quantity denoted by a dot written overa letter called a (+) fluxion, but that quantity was replaced with a reformulation byAugustin-Louis Cauchy [KO-shee]. One important discovery in this discipline was developedby Johann Bernoulli, but first published by the Marquis de (*) l'Hˆopital [LO-pee-TAL]. Ideasin this field were presented in Principia Mathematica.
Hiawatha
This early Iroquois leader co-founded the confederacy with the Great Peacemaker and was memorialized in a Henry Wadsworth Longfellow poem.
Abbasid
This empire was founded by As-Saffah shortly after a military victory at the Zab River. UnderAl-Mansur, this empire sent four thousand mercenaries to help put down the An Lushan Rebellion. Thisempire ceded power to the Seljuks in the 11th century and was eventually destroyed by Hulagu Khan'sMongol armies. Harun al-Rashid, a ruler of this empire, established the House of Wisdom in its capital ofBaghdad.
Mandela
This man evaded capture by police by pretending to be a cook and gardener on Liliesleaf Farm, which later led to his imprisonment with 19 others in what became known as the Rivonia Trial.
Cuban Missile Crisis
This event ended shortly after a letter declared "the more the two of us pull, the tighter thatknot [of war] will be tied." An earlier diplomatic effort to mediate this event involved Adlai Stevensondemanding, "don't wait for the translation, answer yes or no!" while questioning an ambassador aboutphotographs taken from a U2 plane. The agreement ending this event included the removal of Jupitermissiles in Turkey and the creation of a Moscow-DC hotline. For the point, name this 1962 event in whichthe Soviets attempted to weaponize a Caribbean island.
Alcatraz
This event led the sitting president to declare an end to the "termination" policy. John Trudell wasthe spokesperson and radio operator for the perpetrators of this event, which was organized by AdamFortunate Eagle. Unthanksgiving Day is a memorial dedicated to this event, whose location was used asthe starting point for "The Longest Walk" by AIM.
Kobe Bryant Final Game
This event was foreshadowed by a poem that described rolled up tube socks and noted "I'm ready tolet you go." A Jordan Clarkson full-court assist punctuated this event, the subject of an eBay auction ofa bag of air that reached $15,000 before it was pulled. This event took place on the same day that GoldenState won its 73rd game.
1992 Los Angeles Riots
This event was investigated by Hubert Williams, who assisted in compiling the Webster Report. Aphotograph taken during this event shows two men with handguns taking cover behind a forklift. Duringthis event, Reginald Denny suffered 91 skull fractures after being pulled out of his truck and beaten. Inthe prelude to this event, George Holliday filmed a man being attacked by Timothy Wind and LawrencePowell.
Suez Crisis
This event was planned by Maurice Challe and Albert Gazier, who met with a PrimeMinister at Chequers. During this event, Charles Keightley commanded an invasion inOperation Musketeer. The Protocol of (+) S´evres was a response to this crisis, which wascaused in part by a withdrawal of funding by John Foster Dulles. The failure of the (*)Franco-British intervention in this crisis led to the resignation of Anthony Eden.
Mandela released from prison
This event was preceded by nine days by the legalization of previously outlawed parties, including the Communist party, by a leader who had recently won a presidential election by beating the "verligte," or "enlightended," candidate, Barend du Plessis.
Invasion of Grenada
This event was prominently supported by Paul Scoon, who was liberated from house arrest duringit. After a lengthy air assault, Army Rangers seized Port Salines International Airport during this event.Hudson Austin fell from power and the New Jewel Movement dissolved as a result of this event, which wascodenamed "Operation Urgent Fury."
Invasion of Grenada
This event was prominently supported by Paul Scoon, who was liberated from house arrest duringit. After a lengthy air assault, Army Rangers seized Port Salines International Airport during this event.Hudson Austin fell from power and the New Jewel Movement dissolved as a result of this event, which wascodenamed "Operation Urgent Fury." The execution of Maurice Bishop triggered, for ten points, what1983 military action ordered by Ronald Reagan against a Caribbean island nation?
Hundred flowers
This event was replicated in North Vietnam when two namesake journals were foundedduring the Nhan Van Giai Pham affair. This event was announced in the speech "On theCorrect Handling of the Contradictions Among People." It led to the (+) Anti-RightistMovement after the establishment of a "Democratic Wall" and the outpouring of thousandsof hostile letters prompted (*) Mao Zedong to prosecute its participants.
Mao
This figure issued the "23 Articles" as a follow-up to his "Former Ten Points," which opposed theemphasis on corruption in two other reports. "Bombard the Headquarters" was the name of a big-characterposter written by this figure during a campaign in which his successor died in a plane crash while fleeingto the Soviet Union. Lin Biao was condemned as a traitor by this man's government. For the point, namethis instigator of the Cultural Revolution and first Communist leader of China.
Abu Abdallah Muhammad Ibn Battuta
This figure met an illegitimate Byzantine princess named Bayalan while visiting an Uzbek ruler. Thisfigure was employed as a judge by both the ruler of the Maldives and the Sultan of Delhi. This mancriticized the women of Mali for not covering themselves and documented his expedition to China in hisTravels, which began after his first pilgrimage to Mecca.
Nyerere
This figure served under Sir Richard Turnbull before founding the TANU party, and this member of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi party picked Ali Hassan Mwinyi as his successor.
Nyerere
This figure's political philosophy was the model of a similar form in the pacific established by Walter Lini, and this figure was victorious at the Battle of Lukuya.
Mbeki
This former President of South Africa ordered Deputy President Zuma's 2005 dismissal. Hehimself resigned as President in 2008.
Gaddafi
This former leader was protected by an all- (*)) female bodyguard unit called the Amazonian Guard, and he outlined his political philosophy in The Green Book
Log
This function is applied to initial mass over final mass in an equation published in 1903 by KonstantinTsiolkovsky for the behavior of rockets. Leibniz introduced the modern notation for this function andrelated it to the integral of 1 over x. This function was discovered and popularized by John Napier, andHenry Briggs compiled a table of these functions and changed them into base 10.
Logarithm
This function is applied to initial mass over final mass in an equation published in 1903 by KonstantinTsiolkovsky for the behavior of rockets. Leibniz introduced the modern notation for this function andrelated it to the integral of 1 over x. This function was discovered and popularized by John Napier, andHenry Briggs compiled a table of these functions and changed them into base 10. For ten points, namethis function whose "natural" example uses e as its base, the inverse of the exponential function
Gentiloni
This leader passed the Rosatellum law to reform electoral politics and abolished labor vouchers afterpressure from the CGIL union. The 2017 G7 summit was hosted by this leader, who faced pressure fromthe Northern League and Five Star Movement in a recent election. Sergio Mattarella appointed this manto his highest post in December 2016, but dissolved his Parliament just over a year later.
Tokugawa
This government created a service of inspectors called metsuke to investigate corruption. Prior tothe rule of this government, its second ruler disobeyed orders and fought the Sanada clan at Ueda Castle[oo AY da "castle"]. It created a policy of alternate attendance between the central court and the domainsof each provincial lord. Until the Convention of Kanagawa, this government limited trade with Chinaand Europe to the port city of Nagasaki via the sakoku law.
Hansa
This group formed the Confederation of Cologne and conducted a bombardment ofCopenhagen, forcing Valdemar IV to grant them increased privileges. This group wasplagued by the forces of Albert of Mecklenburg and the (+) Victual Brothers, and itsuffered a setback when Ivan III shut down their operations in Novgorod. This group wasprominent in Bergen and Stralsund, but it was dominated by (*) L¨ubeck in its early stages. Aseries of kontor trading posts was administered by, for ten points, what Northern European merchantsguild formed during the Late Middle Ages?
Stasi
This group orchestrated the murder of the university student Benno Ohnesorg in an attempt to sowchaos in an enemy country. This organization quietly provided technical and financial support to the RedArmy Faction, and perfected its own gaslighting technique called zersetzung. Prominent members of thisorganization included longtime leader Erich Mielke and a man who successfully led the infiltration of WillyBrandt's cabinet, Markus Wolf. For the point, name this official intelligence service of East Germany.
Hanseatic League
This group's law code was named after its founder and required the election of a Rat, a council led by four burgomeisters.
Hanseatic League
This group's members included its founding city of (*) Lubeck as well as Danzig and Hamburg.
Nation of Islam
This group's newspaper was the Final Call, and the Italian Muslim Association issued a fatwaagainst this group because it fails to advocate prayer five times a day. One member of this group taughthis followers about the "Mother Wheel," an alleged UFO found in the book of Ezekiel. Wallace Fardfounded this group, which holds that all races were creations of the scientist Yakub.
Independent Self-Governing Labor Union Solidarity
This group's predecessors included the ROPCIO and KOR, and its actions led to the amending ofits nation's constitution in the April Novelization. This group chose strategically significant dates, suchas the signing of the July Manifesto and its country's 1791 constitution, for its protests and strikes. Thisorganization engaged the government of Wojciech Jaruzelski [voy-check yaru-zel-skee] in the Round TableTalks, securing free elections in 1989. For the point, name this group that was founded at the LeninShipyards in Gdansk, a Polish trade union once led by Lech Walesa [lek vah-wen-sah].
Mugabe
This head of state ordered the forceful clearing of shantytowns in a policy called Operation Move the Rubbish.
Mugabe
This leader asked judges to resign after they opposed violent raids on farms owned by whites.
Kwame Nkrumah
This leader broke off from the J.B. Danquah-led UGCC to pursue a campaign of civil disobedience he termed "Positive Action."
Nyerere
This leader came up as a tossup answer in the 2008 Minnesota Open, 2009 THUNDER, and in Round 2 of the July Crisis.
Mandela
This leader declared that a democratic and free society was "an ideal for which I am prepared to die" as a defendant in the Rivonia Trial, and received a life sentence that was to be served on Robben Island.
Nyerere
This leader established a youth group called the "Green Guards" and forbade his ministers from owning businesses under the Leadership Code.
Nasser
This leader faced off with Anthony Eden during a crisis begun by his nationalization of a canal
Mugabe
This leader feuded with Joshua Nkomo as the leader of ZANU-PF and was elected Prime Minister after Ian Smith lost power.
Kwame Nkrumah
This leader founded the Convention People's Party.
: Tsai Ing-wen
This leader gained power by beating Eric Chu in a 2016 campaign that capitalized on Think Thinkand Ah Tsai, her cats. This leader, the first of her country with Hakka ancestry, controversially discussedarms sales with Ted Cruz and received a clock from Cruz's delegation, despite the taboo against givingclocks in Chinese culture. This leader's 2017 visit to America and call to President-elect Donald Trumpsparked fears of Chinese retribution.
Kwame Nkrumah
This leader headed the Casablanca Bloc, which sought greater international political integration.
Mandela
This leader hid from the government while disguised as a cook and a farm worker at Liliesleaf Farm.
Kwame Nkrumah
This leader imprisoned his long-time rival J.B. Danquah.
Idi amin
This leader imprisoned the Scottish doctor Bob Astles for his support of this ruler's predecessor.
Idi amin
This leader let filmmaker Barbet Schroeder record his cabinet's daily proceedings for a documentary subtitled "A Self Portrait."
Mugabe
This leader ordered a slum-clearing called "drive out the rubbish" and was preceded in his current office by Canaan Banana.
David Ben-Gurion
This leader ordered the creation of Unit 101, which committed the Qibya massacre as a reprisalattack. In his later career, he became minister of defense after Pinhas Lavon was caught planning false-flagbombing attacks on Egypt. This leader authorized Operation Magic Carpet to relocate thousands ofYemeni and Ethiopian Jews. He merged the Irgun militia into the IDF to fight against the Arab Leagueshortly after his country gained independence in 1948.
Idi amin
This leader ordered the killing of Dora Bloch after his harboring of Palestinian
Jp Morgan
This man amalgamated Thomas Edison's firm into General Electric in 1892, in practice for his largest combination which involved Andrew (*) Carnegie and other magnates
Gentiloni
This leader passed the Rosatellum law to reform electoral politics and abolished labor vouchers afterpressure from the CGIL union. The 2017 G7 summit was hosted by this leader, who faced pressure fromthe Northern League and Five Star Movement in a recent election. Sergio Mattarella appointed this manto his highest post in December 2016, but dissolved his Parliament just over a year later. Matteo Renziwas succeeded by, for ten points, what Prime Minister of Italy who announced his resignation in March2018?
Gaddafi
This leader proposed the idea of Jamahiriya, or the "state of the masses."
Mandela
This leader received a life sentence that was to be served on Robben Island.
William the Silent
This leader refused to appear before the Council of Blood and backed the Watergeuzen [wuh-tur-goy-zen].
Nasser
This leader secured a purchase of Soviet weaponry in the so-called Czech arms deal.
Mobuto
This leader spent $250 million to construct asteel plant in Maluki that after 1978 never ran at more than 4% capacity, and spent even more on ahydroelectric dam at Inga.
Gaddafi
This leader staged a coup when his predecessor was undergoing medical treatment in Turkey.
Mugabe
This leader succeeded a man who wrote a book called The Gospel According to the Ghetto and who fled the country in 1997 after being accused of sodomy.
Idi amin
This leader supplied his army with alcohol through regular "whiskey runs" from Stansted airport
Gaddafi
This leader used his op-ed ghostwriting team to submit his idea for a joint Israeli-Palestinian state dubbed "Isratin."
Mandela
This leader was described as "not a bust made of marble...a man of flesh and blood" in a speech given by Barack Obama.
Mugabe
This leader was opposed by Archbishop Pius Ncube, who in 2007 called for a British invasion to oust him.
Nasser
This leader was prepared to accept the Rogers Plan to end his "war of attrition."
Mugabe
This leader's claim that he was "fit as two fiddles" was recently tested when he fell down some (*)) stairs after returning home from a trip to Ethiopia.
Kenyatta
This leader's country became a one-party state after he outlawed the KPU, founded by his former vice president Oginga Odinga.
Kenyatta
This leader's critic J. M. Kariuki was found dead after entering a Hilton in the company of this leader's bodyguard.
Kenyatta
This leader's early political activities included arguing against the "White Highlands" policy to the Carter Land Commission and founding a newspaper whose name translates as "the reconciler."
Kenyatta
This leader's economic policy was advised by an economist sent by Tom Mboya's "African Airlift" program to the University of Hawaii, whom he later blacklisted, and was built around community self-help events called "Harambee."
Nyerere
This leader's policies of agricultural collectivization, known as (*) "villagization," turned his country from Africa's largest food exporter to its largest food importer
Pinochet
This leader's policies were based on research paper of Emilio Sanfuentes known as ElLadrillo, or "the brick." This leader used car bombing in Washington D.C. to elim natethe ambassador Orlando Letelier. The (+) Rettig Report investigated the excesses of thisman and was compiled by his successor, Patricio Aylwin. This man's DINA secret policespearheaded the Operation (*) Condor campaign to disappear political dissidents, and he liberalizedhis economy with the help of the Chicago Boys.
Kenyatta
This leader's wife, Mama Ngina, amassed great wealth during his time in power, and was thought to be involved in ivory smuggling.
Kwame Nkrumah
This leader, who denounced corruption in his government in the "Dawn Broadcast," was the main inspiration for the protagonist of a Peter Abrahams novel published a year before he took power, A Wreath for Udomo.
Death Valley
This location is home to the Timbisha Shoshone tribe, who use this location's clay to make a red ochre["oak-er"] paint. Accumulated salts in this location's Badwater Basin have made its water undrinkable.In July 1913, this location's Furnace Creek reached 134 degrees Fahrenheit, the hottest temperature everrecorded in the Western hemisphere. For ten points, name this location in the Mojave Desert of California,the lowest point in the US.
Ptolemy
This man added a "crank mechanism" to Hipparchus' notions of (*) deferent and epicycle.
Lawrence of Arabia
This man adopted the name John Hume Ross so that he could join the RAF withoutfanfare. The Battle of Maysaloun undid the provisional government of the Emir Faisal, whichhad been set up by this man. He was captured at (+) Daraa while under the command ofEdmund Allenby. This man worked with Auda ibu Tayi in seizing Aqaba shortly after beingsent to reconnoiter the (*) Hejaz. In 1918, this man captured Damascus from the Ottoman Empire,an event recounted in his autobiographical Seven Pillars of Wisdom.
Augustus
This man agreed to limit his own power in the Second Settlement shortly after he was accused ofmeddling in a trial involving Marcus Primus. The religious altar Ara Pacis was commissioned by this manto serve as a monument to the period of peace he ruled over, the Pax Romana. This man came to powerafter his admiral Marcus Agrippa was victorious at the Battle of Actium, ending a struggle with MarcAntony. For the point, name this adopted son of Caesar who was crowned Rome's first emperor.
Cyrus the great
This man allegedly used the foul smell of his camels to scare off enemy horses at the Battleof Thymbra. This king of Anshan consolidated power by defeating Nabonidus, which was recordedon a namesake cylinder that highlighted this man's rule. This ruler's achievements include endingthe Babylonian Captivity, allowing Jews to return to their homelands, and creating a new capital atPasargadae [pass-AR-guh-dye]. For the point, name this founder of the Achaemenid dynasty in Persia.
Idi amin
This man appointed the British "White Rat," Bob Astles, as head of his anti-corruption unit. Herenamed the presidential home "the command post" and instituted the State Research Bureau secretpolice. This man was overthrown after attempting to seize the region of Kagera from Tanzania. Earlier,this successor of Milton Obote and suspected cannibal expelled all Asians from his country.
Engles
This man argued that Robinson Crusoe's enslavement of Friday used force as a meansto the end of economic advantage in his work Anti-Durhing. A book by this man wastranslated into English by Florence Kelley in 1885 and discusses the exploitative practices ofthe (+) textile industry in Manchester. This man provided support, but far less than halfthe writing, for a text that begins "A (*) spectre is haunting Europe."
Mobuto
This man created the Division Speciale Presidentielle composed largely ofmembers of his own Ngbendi tribe.
Pierre Trudeau
This man created the National Energy Program in response to the oil shocks of the 1970s. One ofhis attempts at constitutional reform, the Victoria Charter, was defeated by Robert Bourassa. This mansuppressed a terrorist group by invoking the War Powers Act during the October Crisis. This PrimeMinister passed the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and promoted equality between French and English.
Mugabe
This man currently shares leadership of his country with fellow party member and Vice President Joice Mujuru and opposition party Movement for Democratic Change Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai.
Mobuto
This man dealt with a troublesome guerrilla force in Kwilu by inviting its leader, Pierre Mulele, to a formal negotiation and then pulling off various parts of Mulele over the course of a day.
Mandela
This man declared "I am the First Accused," while defending his actions as a member of Umkhonto we Sizwe in the "I Am Prepared to Die" speech.
Kwame Nkrumah
This man declared "[f]reedom is not something that one people can bestow on another as a gift. They claim it as their own and none can keep it from them" in his "Motion of Destiny" speech.
Lloyd George
This man declared that "we should not emulate [Germany] only in armaments" insupport of the National Insurance Act. This man advocated for war to protect nationalhonor in his Mansion House Speech, given in response to the (+) Agadir Crisis. He heavilyincreased a land tax to fund welfare programs in his "People's Budget," and this leader'sforeign minister advocated for the "establishment...of a national home of the (*) Jewishpeople" in the Balfour Declaration.
Kwame Nkrumah
This man defeated Joseph B. Danquah to attain his highest post.
Marcus Garvey
This man denounced "one of the bloodiest outrages against mankind" in his speech on the"Conspiracy of the East St. Louis Riots." This man founded a company that purchased the SS Yarmouth;another of his ships, the SS Shadyside went on the "cruise to nowhere." J. Edgar Hoover sought thedeportation of this man, who co-founded a newspaper with Amy Ashwood named the Negro World, whichadvocated for his group, the UNIA.
Timur
This man designated Pir Muhammad ibn Jahangir as his successor before allegedlydying of a fever brought on by drinking too much ice water. The Knights Hospitalier weremassacrced in (+) Smyrna on the orders of this man, who consolidated power at the Battleof the Terek River. This man used flaming camels to scare elephants during the siege of (*)Delhi, and he defeated Bayezid the Thunderbolt at Ankara. This enemy of Toktamysh and the GoldenHorde died while attempting to attack the Ming Dynasty.
Zheng He
This man did not personally go on a voyage he organized that installed Mana Vikramanas king of Calicut. This man's political interventions included capturing the usurper (+)Sekandar of Semudera and capturing King Alagonakkara of Kotte. On his first voyage, thisman captured the pirate Chen Zuyi. On his fifth voyage, this man explored the (*) Arabiancoast from Hormuz to Aden before sailing as far south as Mombasa and bringing a giraffe to the YongleEmperor. .
Euler
This man died after having a brain hemorrhage during a conversation with the astronomer Anders Johan Lexell [AHN-durrs YOH-hahn LEX-ell] about the recent discovery of Uranus
Fidel Castro
This man discussed the two halves of Barack Obama's private and public goals in his book Obama andThe Empire. This leader published the newspaper The Accuser while leading a group simply called TheMovement, after which he planned an attack on the Moncada Barracks. This leader deposed FulgencioBatista in a revolution, during which he worked alongside his brother Raul.
Talleyrand
This man dispatched dragoons to kidnap the Duc d'Enghien ["duke" den-gh'yen]. This man, whowas prohibited from joining the army due to a foot injury in his youth, was removed from one of his postsafter embracing the notorious Civil Constitution of the Clergy. This one-time Bishop of Autun demandedbribes of American diplomats in 1797. For ten points, name this French diplomat who represented Franceduring the Congress of Vienna and instigated the XYZ Affair.
Harry Lee
This man earned respect and a nickname for leading the 1st Continental Light Dragoons, whichambushed John Pyle's Loyalist militia at the Battle of Haw River. This man's legion was forced toretreat to Nathanael Greene's main force at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse after a clash with BanastreTarleton. George Washington appointed this man to put down the Whiskey Rebellion. For the point, namethis Revolutionary War soldier, nicknamed "Light-Horse Harry," who was the father of a Confederategeneral.
Mandela
This man earned the nickname the "Black Pimpernel" for his ability to evade capture by the government.
Ibn Saud
This man ended revolt of the Mutayr and Ajman tribes after victory at the Battle ofSabilla. This man negotiated with Captain William Shakespear and was finally recognizedafter signing the Treaty of Darin with the British. This man allowed Standard (+) Oil toutilize his country's petroleum, which had been discovered in Damman in 1938. This man'sascension began after defeating the rival Rashid family in the reconquest of (*) Riyadh. Sixof this man's 45 sons eventually ruled, including Faisal, Khalid, and the current king Salman.
Kenyatta
This man vocally criticized the parceling of land in the Kakamega Reserve to gold miners.
San martin
This man executed a plan developed by Thomas Maitland that he discovered at a Masonic Lodge.After returning from the Peninsular War, this soldier was wounded at the Battle of San Lorenzo; he laterreplaced Manuel Belgrano as commander of the Army of the North. With Bernardo O'Higgins, this leaderguided his army in the Crossing of the Andes to victory at the Battle of Chacabuco.
Shi Huangdi
This man executed an entire local populace after nobody confessed to writing a message on a fallenmeteor predicting his death. This man standardized his country by introducing the Ban Liang coin andthe small seal script. Sima Qian [chee-ahn] accused this man of burying Confucian scholars alive, but heprobably only murdered priests and shamans who misled him about immortality. Li Si was employed by,for the point, what proponent of Legalism, the first Emperor of China?
Mandela
This man famously presented a trophy to athlete Francois Pienaar and was succeeded by Thabo Mbeki.
J.P. Morgan
This man founded the Metropolitan Club after John King was blackballed from the Union Club.This man purchased $30 million worth of New York City bonds to save the city from bankruptcy shortlyafter he locked bankers in his personal library until they agreed to save the Trust Company of America.This stress of being investigated by the Pujo Committee may have contributed to this man's death. Theworld's first billion dollar company was created when this man merged Carnegie Steel with several smallerholdings.
Idi amin
This man founded the State Research Bureau to persecute the Acholi and Langi ethnic groups.
Nyerere
This man gave a speech at the University of Cairo defending Egypt's role in the OAU
Basil II
This man gave his sister Anna in marriage to Vladimir I in exchange for the Chersonesos militarybase in the Crimea. This man was ambushed at the Gates of Trajan after successfully relieving Sofia fromsiege. After his greatest success, this man allegedly blinded 99 out of every 100 prisoners he took, a sightthat made rival king Samuel die of shock.
Mobuto
This man had Evariste Kimba publicly hanged after a show trial.
Jp Morgan
This man had no choice but to prop up his competitor, the Tennessee Coal and Iron company, in order to prevent the failure of the Moore and Schley broker house.
Mandela
This man halted a series of negotiations after supporters of a rival party committed the Boipatong Massacre.
Patton
This man helped design the M1913 Cavalry Saber which often bears his name
Nasser
This man imprisoned Sayyid Qutb and othermembers of the (*)) Muslim Brotherhood, and incorporated Syria into his United Arab Republic.
Nyerere
This man instigated the coup that that replaced James Mancham with France-Albert René as the president of an island nation.
Shaka Zulu
This man instructed his warriors to sing an enemy victory chant to lure out his opponent's defenses inthe final defeat of his rival, Zwide [zwee day]. This leader instructed his troops to envelop enemies whileattacking in a "buffalo horns" formation and introduced the tactic of offensive shield hooking while usinga shorter, stabbing spear called the iklwa. Dingane [din gah nay] helped assassinate this chieftain in 1828.
Sigmond Freud
This man investigated views of incest among the Aborigines in the first section of his book Totem and Taboo.
Pope Gregory I
This man is credited with sending the papal mission that evangelized the pagan Anglo-Saxons of post-Roman Britain.
Rockefeller
This man launched a price war against Thomas Scott of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Shortlyafter ending a partnership with Andrews and Flagler to form his own company, this man absorbed 22competitors in the "Cleveland Massacre." This man's questionable practices were exposed in McClure'sby muckraker Ida Tarbell. The Sherman Antitrust Act eventually broke up his company into branches likeShell and Chevron. For the point, name this American tycoon, the founder of Standard Oil.
Ptolemy
This man names a theorem presented in Book XIII ["eight"] of Euclid's Elements that relates the products of diagonal lengths for a cyclic quadrilateral to products of side lengths.
Ford
This man narrowly lost a senate seat to Truman Handy, who was later investigated for spendingirregularities. Harry Bennett was hired by this man to head his Service Department, which actuallyfunctioned as internal security. While working for this man, Charles E. Sorensen massively improvedproductivity at this man's Piquette Avenue plant, and Albert Kahn designed the River Rouge complexfor him. This man pioneered the 40 hour work week, which he paired with his $5 per day wage.
Mobuto
This man nationalized the UMHK mining company into Gecamines, for which he built the Citibank-financed Inga dams.
Trotsky
This man negotiated a prison exchange that resulted in the return from England of a man whoeventually succeeded him, Georgy Chicherin. Before heading to France, this man lived on a Turkish islandfor four years under the surveillance of Ataturk's police. The Revolution Betrayed was written by thisman. Ram´on Mercader was a Spanish NKVD agent who delivered a fatal blow to this man with an ice-axeduring an assassination attempt in Mexico.
Trotsky
This man negotiated a prison exchange that resulted in the return from England of a man whoeventually succeeded him, Georgy Chicherin. Before heading to France, this man lived on a Turkish islandfor four years under the surveillance of Ataturk's police. The Revolution Betrayed was written by thisman. Ram´on Mercader was a Spanish NKVD agent who delivered a fatal blow to this man with an ice-axeduring an assassination attempt in Mexico. For ten points, name this leftist Russian revolutionary whocreated the Red Army.
Nasser
This man was a primary force behind the downfall of the Wafd party, and he was an instructor at the Abbassia academy
Idi amin
This man was accused of ordering the murder of the elderly Dora Bloch in reprisal for a military action that occurred in his country.
William Henry Harrision
This man once asked Daniel Webster to read a note that stated John Chambers, notJames Wilson, would be governor of Iowa. Following one speech, in which the editor notedthat he had "killed seventeen Roman proconsuls," this man went to a (+) ball at Carusi'sSaloon. As the Democratic Party cast this person as a man who would "sit in his log cabindrinking hard cider," this man attacked his opponent as (*) "Van Ruin." The longest Presidentialinaugural address in history was delivered by, for ten points, what President who was succeeded by JohnTyler after he died one month into his term?
Benjamin Franklin
This man once threw his alcoholic friend John Collins into a river when he refused to row a boat. Thisman founded an intellectual group known as either the Leather Apron Society or the Junto [jun-toh]. InBoston, this man used the pseudonym Silence Dogood to send letters to The New-England Courant; afterhe moved to Philadelphia, he switched newspapers to work on The Pennsylvania Gazette. For ten points,name this founding father who wrote and published Poor Richard's Almanack
Mandela
This man passed the Land Restitution Act, which reversed the 1913 Natives Land Act.
Kenyatta
This man played a key role in the drafting of a constitution at the First and Second Lancaster Conferences
Kenyatta
This man politically opposed his son Peter Muigai during a time period including Operation Anvil.
Mobuto
This man promised amnesty to and then publically dismembered Pierre Mulele, who fought in the Simba Rebellion against this predecessor of Laurent Kabila.
Nyerere
This man promoted ujamaa in the Arusha Declaration of 1967 and remained chair of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi after he was succeeded by Ali Hassan Mwinyi and Benjamin Mkapa.
Tecumseh
This man rebuked Henry Proctor, saying "I conquer to save, you [conquer] to kill" after their jointarmy perpetrated a massacre of prisoners at Fort Meigs. The New Madrid earthquake was interpreted bylocals as a sign to join this man, whose death at the Battle of the Thames led to the dissolution of histribal confederacy and its alliance with Great Britain. For ten points, name this chief of the Shawnee whofought the United States before and during the War of 1812 but was absent from the disastrous Battle ofTippecanoe.
Red Baron (Manfred von Richthofen)
This man refused a promotion to a desk job by saying "every poor fellow in the trenches must dohis duty." Donald Cunnel is credited with inflicting a serious head wound on this man, who attempted tokill Wilfred May but was stopped by Arthur Brown. Propaganda about this man stated the British wouldautomatically award a Victoria Cross to anyone that could kill him. The Flying Circus was led by, for tenpoints, what World War I German aviator commonly known by a colorful noble title?
Saladin
This man sacked the castle of Jacob's Ford after a bribe of 100,000 gold pieces to stop the castle'sconstruction was turned down. Though this man was defeated at the Battle of Montgisard, he laterformed a truce with Baldwin IV. One campaign against this man was called after his victory at Hattin,though he ended that conflict by granting Christians safe pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
Tojo
This man said "I am very sorry it is taking me so long to die" after attempting suicide during hisarrest. The Imperial Rule Assistance Political Association was created by this man, who suggested notexecuting the pilots of the Doolittle Raid in fear of American retaliation. After being arrested, this manwas given a new pair of dentures which had the phrase "remember Pearl Harbor" written in Morse Code.For ten points, name this politician who served as Japan's Prime Minister from 1941 to 1944.
Alexander Stephens
This man said it is not his place to question God for making one star "differ from another starin glory." This man told the Georgia legislature that, if they are true to their cause, they cannot beconquered by the Northern people in a speech that criticized Jefferson Davis' government. John Campbell,Robert Hunter, and this man led a delegation at the Hampton Roads Conference.
Maximillian I
This man sent the SMS Novara on a scientific expedition that later led to acircumnavigation of the globe; that ship would later transport his body home. In a futileattempt to crush resistance against him, this ruler threatened to immediately executewithout trial anyone found in a group bearing arms in the (+) Black Decree. A series ofpaintings by Edouard Manet [mah-nay] depict this ruler's execution by firing squad, whichoccurred after his defeat and capture at (*) Queretaro. This puppet ruler of Napol´eon III wasinstalled on the throne after French forces conquered the country he ruled.
Kwame Nkrumah
This man served as General Secretary of the UGCC, an organization set up by his compatriot J. B. Danquah; he'd later pursue "positive action" with the (*)) Convention People's Party.
Eisenhower
This man signed the interstate highway act and ended the Korean War
Mobuto
This man sponsored a fight between Joe Frazier and Muhammad Ali and changed his name from Joseph to a Swahili phrase meaning "the invincible warrior who goes from conquest to conquest leaving fire in his wake".
Alfred the Great
This man successfully negotiated his opponents' evacuation of Chippenham in the Treaty of Wedmore [WEDD-more].
Mandela
This man sued lawyer Ismail Ayob to prevent him from selling prints signed by this leader.
Bayezid I
This man supposedly turned down offers of mercy from Mircea before his army wasdestroyed at Rovine by the Wallachians. The Crusade of Nicopolis was called against thisman after he initiated the first siege of (+) Constantinople in 1394. This man allegedlykilled himself by smashing his head against a metal cage after he was captured. He tookpower when Milos Obilic assassinated Murad I at (*) Kosovo Field, though he was later defeatedat the Battle of Ankara by Tamerlane.
Nyerere
This man translated both Julius Caesar and The Merchant of Venice into his native language, which were later used as part of a nationwide program to force colleges to adopt that language by the year 2000.
Kwame Nkrumah
This man united trade unions, women's groups, and cocoa farmers into the (*) Convention People's Party.
Hancock
This man was acquitted by Jonathan Sewall in a case in which his crewmen physically resisted theattempts of an inspector to search the Lydia. This man, who allegedly used claims of gout to avoid dealingwith political issues, left his successor, James Bowdoin, to deal with Shays' Rebellion after leaving officeas the first Governor of Massachusetts. This man, but none of his colleagues, had his name printed at thebottom of the Dunlap Broadside.
Ferdinand Marcos
This man was advised in his waning years by a group known as the Rolex 12, and he previouslysuppressed a wave of student protests called the First Quarter Storm. This leader, who attempted tocreate a "New Society" in the model of Suharto, ordered the assassination of a political rival in an airportin 1983; that rival's wife, Corazon, succeeded this man after he was toppled in the 1986 People PowerRevolution.
Rasputin
This man was allegedly murdered by Mansfield Cumming's British agents. This man'slifestyle was the subject of the "staircase notes," and controversy arose over his membershipin the hedonistic (+) Khlysty sect. He survived a stabbing from Khionia Guseva, an agentof the priest Iliodor. After this enemy of Felix Yusupov grew in power thanks to his abilityto stop the (*) bleeding of the hemophiliac Alexei, this man was poisoned, shot four times, clubbed, anddrowned in the Neva River.
Bill Clinton
This man was attacked for his involvement in the "travelgate" and "Whitewater" scandals
Kwame Nkrumah
This man was brought back to his country by George Alfred Grant and later founded an "Ideological Institute"at which college students were orientated to his ideologies.
Mandela
This man was censured by his party for a militant speech in Sophiatown.
John Hinckley Jr
This man was deemed not guilty by reason of insanity for shooting Ronald Reagan in 1984
Gustavus Adolphus
This man was granted foreign aid from France through the Treaty of Barwalde. This man invadedLivonia in his early career to fend off a challenge from his Polish cousin Sigismund III, and his countrywas administered by Axel Oxenstierna after this man was slain leading a cavalry charge at L¨utzen. Thisman had earlier secured a decisive victory against the Holy Roman Empire at Breitenfeld.
Gaddafi
This man was injured when his guard misthrew a grenade, hitting a wall and falling in front of him.That action came after this man and his son, Mutassim, crawled threw a drainage pipe to escape anattacked convoy. This man's body was showcased in a freezer in Misrata, and a cell phone video depictspeople stabbing a bayonet into his rear end. This man's murder was lamented by Mahmoud Jibril, whowished to see him tried for crimes against humanity.
gorbachev
This man was nicknamed the "mineral water drinking" secretary after taxing and restricting the saleof alcohol. This man, who suppressed rebels in Baku during Black January, began a policy of allowingsatellite states to manage their internal affairs that earned the nickname "Sinatra Doctrine." After servingas this man's Vice President, Gennady Yanayev led a Gang of Eight coup against him that failed afterBoris Yeltsin stood on a tank. The policies of glasnost and perestroika were created by, for the point, whatlast General Secretary of the Soviet Union?
Nyerere
This man was opposed by his advisor Oscar Kambona on some of his policies, and he formed Chama Cha Mapinduzi, also known as the Party of the Revolution, which he continued to lead for five years after stepping down as president.
Vicente Fox
This man was opposed by the Community Front in Defense of Land after he announcedplans to build an airport in San Salvador Atenco. This man's Secretary of Foreign Affairs,Jorge Castaneda, reversed his country's policy of not commenting on the legitimacy of othergovernments, the (+) Estrada Doctrine. This non-American announced a mock bid for the2020 US presidency as part of a series of comedic attacks on Donald Trump.
Muhammad Morsi
This man was sentenced to death for his role in a prison break at Wadi el Natroun.He rose to his highest position when he beat Ahmed Shafik in an election. The NationalSalvation Front opposed this man, who (+) awarded himself unlimited constitutional powersand was then replaced by the military with the transitional leader Adly Mansour. Thisleader of the (*) Freedom and Justice Party was deposed in a 2013 coup by the current president Abdulal-Sisi.
Sam Adams
This man was succeeded by Increase Sumner in one position, and this author of the Circular Letter often met at the Old South Meeting House.
Benjamin Harrison
This man was supported by William Wade Dudley, who controversially suggested bribing voters in"blocks of five." The Dependent and Disability Pension act was championed by this Ohio Congressman,who later signed it into law. Near the end of his administration, this man's plan to annex Hawaii wasblocked by the Senate. The Billion Dollar Congress supported this President and passed the harshMcKinley tariff. For the point, name this president who both succeeded and preceded Grover Cleveland.
Tasman
This man was suspended without salary for 11 months after a drunken incident in which he nearlyhung two sailors who had left their quarters. This man was sent on his most famous voyage with the intentof finding "all the totally unknown provinces of Beach." On one voyage, this man stayed for four weeksin Mauritius until the Roaring Forties allowed him to swiftly sail eastward. He was assisted by a FransVisscher on a 1642 voyage during which he discovered an island that he named Van Diemen's Land.
Alexander the great
This man was victorious at the Battle of Gaugamela [gog-ah-meh-luh] against Darius III, and founded a city (*) named after himself in Egypt
Dallas
This man won a mayoral race on the ticket of the Family Party, which began his lifelong feud with theleader of the rival Amalgamators, James Buchanan. This man cast a tie breaking vote to pass the WalkerTariff, effectively destroying his reputation in his home state of Pennsylvania, though he was popular asvice president for supporting the annexation of Texas. For ten points, name this politician who was JamesPolk's running mate and who probably is not the namesake of a Texas city founded in the 1840s.
George McGovern
This man worked to distribute Amer can surplus internationally as the first director of"Food for Peace." This man worked with Donald Fraser to establish commission increasingthe number of caucuses and primaries. Along with Mark (+) Hatfield, this man attemptedto propose legislation ending the Vietnam War. After running mate Thomas Eagleton wasdiscovered to have undergone (*) electric shock therapy, this presidential candidate carried onlyMassachusetts.
George Washington
This man wrote that the U.S. "gives to bigotry no sanction, to persecution no assistance" in aletter to the Touro Synagogue in Newport. Lewis Nicola sent this man a letter advocating the styling ofa monarchy; that Newburgh Letter was written a year before this man dissolved the mostly unrelatedNewburgh Conspiracy. A letter claiming that this man was a "weak general" was sent to Horatio Gatesby Thomas Conway, who led a "cabal" calling for this man to be replaced.
Park Chung-hee
This man's 1979 summit with Jimmy Carter ended with Carter unsuccessfully proselytizing to thisman. This man briefly became a communist after his older brother died during the Autumn Uprising of1946. After seizing power in the May 16 coup, this man's administration passed the Yushin constitutionand instituted the New Village Movement to modernize the rural economy. This man survived an attempton his life in the 1968 Blue House Raid, and was later assassinated by Kim Jae-gyu, his intelligence chief,in 1979.
Babbage
This man's On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures describes his namesakeprinciple that labor should be divided such that the skill of a worker corresponds to thedifficulty of the task. This man, who broke Vigen`ere's [veezh-nair's] autokey cipher duringthe (+) Crimean War, designed a machine based on Newton's method of divided differencesto approximate trigonometric and logarithmic functions, known as his (*) "Difference engine."
Mobuto
This man's Popular Movement of the Revolution party established its slogan, "Neither left nor right," in the Manifesto of N'Sele.
Mobuto
This man's anti-European program of Authenticité resulted in his characteristic tunic, the abacost.
Mobuto
This man's central banker Erwin Blumenthal drafted a list of over 50 people and businesses in thecountry who should be banned from the import/export trade.
Gaddafi
This man's diplomats shot constable Yvonne Fletcher just outside his country's embassy in London, resulting in a break in relations between his government and the U.K.
Goebbels
This man's election to the Reichstag conveniently made him immune to Bernhard Weiss' [vice's]charges of libel for what this man printed in his newspaper Der Angriff, or The Attack. This man gave aspeech at the Sportpalast arena in which the phrase "and storm break loose" was used to prepare citizensfor total war. This man, who attempted to keep morale high by promising new "Wunderwaffen," gave hissix children cyanide pills and committed suicide with his wife in the Fuhrerbunker.
Mobuto
This man's image descended from the clouds at the beginning of every nationaltelevision broadcast in his country. Pierre Mulele was promised amnesty by this man, butthis man castrated and executed Mulele for his role in the (+) Simba Rebellion. This manpaid $5 million to organize George Foreman and Muhammad Ali's "Rumble in the Jungle."This man overthrew his predecessor Joseph (*) Kasavubu in 1965, after which he renamedhis country Zaire.
Chandragupta Maurya
This man's most famous advisor broke off his teeth to assure his mother that power would not changehim. Though this man may have assassinated the satraps Nicanor and Philip, he received the Greekambassador Megasthenes and influenced the Battle of Ipsus by giving 300 war elephants to Seleucus.This man allegedly met his end by fasting to death in a Jain ceremony. The Arthashastra was written byKautilya an advisor to this man.
Idi amin
This man's predecessor released the Common Man's Charter, which spoke of a shift to the political left.
Gaddafi
This man's son paid $2 million for Beyonce to sing at his New Year's Eve party on St. Bart's.
Eisenhower
This man's staff secretary was Andrew Goodpaster.
Pat Robertson
This man's supporters were described as "looking like the bar scene outta Star Wars" in an election in which he surprisingly won the Washington primary and finished behind Bob Dole, but ahead of eventual winner (+) George H.W. Bush in the Iowa Caucus.
Kemal Ataturk
This man's troops killed tens of thousands of Greeks by burning down Smyrna while attempting torestore lost territories during the Chanak Crisis. This man's government rejected the Treaty of Sevres infavor of the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne. He promoted the Six Arrows ideology, which created a new modernalphabet based on Latin and banned the wearing of the fez in an attempt to westernise his newly formedrepublic.
Sirhan Sirhan
This man, partially motivated by anti-Israeli sentiment, murdered Robert Kennedy in 1968.
Alfred the Great
This man, who translated the first English versions of Pastoral Care and The (+) Consolation of Philosophy, was the subject of a biography by Asser [ASS-urr].
Kenyatta
This member of the Kapenguria Six preceded Daniel Arap Moi and created the policy of Harambee
Mark Antony
This member of the Second Triumvirate had his forces defeated at the Battle of Actium [ACT-ee-um] during a Civil War against Octavian [ock-TAY-vee-uhn].
Diego Maradona
This midfield striker scored the "Hand of God" and "Goal of the Century," and was ejected fromthe 1994 World Cup for failing a doping test. In 2005, he protested George W. Bush by wearing a shirtreplacing the "s" in Bush's name with a swastika.
Switzerland
This modern day country obtained de facto independence from the Holy Roman Empire after theSwabian War. France obtained Burgundy shortly after Charles the Bold died fighting a force primarilyfrom this country at the Battle of Nancy. German Landsknechts imitated pike and halberd-wieldingmercenaries from this country, whose neutrality was affirmed during the Thirty Years War. For ten points,name this Alpine country with capital at Bern that remained neutral in both world wars.
Venezuala
This modern day country was briefly mortgaged in the 16th century to a Germanbanking family whose sons wanted to search for the Fountain of Youth. This country's cityof Coro is one of the oldest European cities founded in the Americas. This country, whichwas named for (+) stilted houses in lagoons that reminded Spanish colonists of a Europeancity, is officially a "Bolivarian Republic" to commemorate (*) Simon Bolivar, who was born here.For ten points, name this country where Spanish colonists founded cities like Maracaibo and Caracas.
Bangladesh
This modern-day country's intelligentsia were purged in Operation Searchlight. One politician fromthis country called for "every house to turn into a fortress" after an electoral victory by the Awami League.This country's independence was guaranteed as part of the Simla Agreement. In 2013, the deadliestcollapse due to structural failure occurred in this country after the collapse of the Rana Plaza.
Pikes Peak
This mountain was first scaled by botanist Edwin James. Nikola Tesla built his first functional coilwhile working on this mountain. The namesake of this mountain was killed while commanding troopsat the Battle of York and had previously led a Westward expedition until his capture in Santa Fe. The"Fifty-Niners" were a group of gold miners whose slogan was "[this mountain] or bust." Katharine Bateswrote the song "America the Beautiful" after being inspired by the view from the summit of, for thepoint, what peak of the Colorado Rockies, named in honor of a 19th-century explorer named Zebulon?
NSA
This organization's "Equation Group" was targeted in 2016 by The Shadow Brokers. The"EternalBlue" exploit was created by this organization and used to launch the WannaCry ransomwareattack. In 2015, this organization was sued by the Wikimedia Foundation, who stated its Upstreamcollection violated the 1st and 4th Amendments. A subcontractor for this organization leaked informationto Glenn Greenwald in 2013. For ten points, name this American intelligence agency whose secrets wereleaked by Edward Snowden.
Hell
This place is commonly depicted as a "mouth" in manuscript paintings, which often feature depictions of its [+] "harrowing."
Hell
This place is depicted in the right-hand panel of Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights and is usually on the right in paintings of the Last Judgement
Kulturkampf
This policy prompted an assassination attempt by Edward Kullman
Kulturkampf
This policy was accused of being instigated by Freemasons in the Etsi multa [ET-see MOOL-tuh] encyclical of Pope Pius IX ["the ninth"], and it led to the creation of the Centre party.
Prohibition
This policy was largely ignored by Congress as senators flocked to buy from "the man in thegreen-hat," George Cassiday. Neal Dow became one of the first mayors to implement this policy underthe Maine Law. Contraband violating this policy was destroyed by a hatchet-wielding Carrie Nation fromthe WCTU. This policy became law when the Volstead Act was enacted to carry out the EighteenthAmendment. For ten points, name this 1920s policy that banned liquor throughout the US.
RFK
This politician advocated for an end to apartheid in the "Day of Affirmation" Speech, and he wroteabout his experiences serving as chief counsel for the McClellan Committee and feuding with Teamstersboss Jimmy Hoffa in his book The Enemy Within. Shortly after a meeting with Cesar Chavez, this manannounced his campaign to run for President, but after winning the 1968 California primary, he wasassassinated.
Wallace
This politician declared that "if any demonstrator ever lays down in front of my car, it'll be thelast car he'll ever lay down in front of" and described "work" and "soap" as the only four letter wordsthat hippies didn't know. This man became paralyzed from the waist down after he was shot by ArthurBremer, which effectively ended his bid against George McGovern in the 1972 Democratic primary. In1963, this man declared his support for segregation "now," "tomorrow," and "forever." For the point,name this Alabama governor who carried out the "Stand in the Schoolhouse Door."
Paul ryan
This politician lamented "generations of men not even thinking about working or learning to valuethe culture of work" in an interview about his paper advocating welfare cuts, The War on Poverty: 50Years Later. This man authored the "Roadmap for America's Future," which became the GOP's "Path toProsperity" budget. This man, who announced his retirement shortly after facing a challenge from PaulNehlen, ascended to his highest office after the retirement of John Boehner.
Huey long
This politician made headlines when he received a black eye after relieving himself on the leg of apartygoer at the Sands Point Bath Club in Long Island. This man's campaigning helped Hattie WyattCaraway win a reelection bid as a senator from Arkansas. This man called for radical caps on individualnet worth and income in the Share Our Wealth program, but his presidential ambitions ended when hewas assassinated by Carl Weiss in 1935. For the point, name this Louisiana politician nicknamed "TheKingfish."
Barry goldwater
This politician names an informal rule that psychiatrists will not speak about politicians' mentalhealth without analyzing them in person. This politician, who jokingly advocated lobbing a nuclearweapon "into the men's room at the Kremlin," published The Conscience of a Conservative in 1960, fouryears before his slogan "in your heart, you know he's right" was mocked by his opponent's slogan "inyour guts, you know he's nuts." For the point, name this Arizona senator who lost the 1964 Presidentialelection to Lyndon Johnson.
Disreali
This politician ordered the expensive Napier expedition, which rescued hostages fromEthiopia's Tewodros II. This man's envoy, Louis Cavagnari, was killed during the second(+) Anglo-Afghan War. This man's support of the Ottoman Empire despite the BulgarianHorrors was denounced in his opponent's (*) Midlothian Campaign. This man, who annexedthe Zulu Kingdom, crowned Queen Victoria Empress of India.
Huey Long
This politician secretly profited as a co-founder of the Win or Lose oil company, and largely was ableto control the governor of his state, Oscar K. Allen. Dentist Carl Weiss murdered this man, who proposeda net wealth tax to fund redistribution of resources in a plan whose vision was "every man a king."
Disraeli
This politician successfully ordered Sir John Napier to rescue Protestant hostages taken by TewodrosII of Ethiopia. Under his tenure, this man's country suffered a severe defeat in the Battle of Isandlwanaby Zulu warriors. This man represented his country with Lord Salisbury at the Congress of Berlin, and hewon acclaim for purchasing majority shares in the Suez Canal for his nation. Queen Victoria was a ferventsupporter of, for the point, what British prime minister, a rival of William Gladstone?
Kenyatta
This politician was accused of nepotism after appointing many officials from his native Kiambu district, and he was suspected of ordering the Kiambu mafia to gun down Pio Gama Pinto and Tom Mboya
Rankin
This politician's brother Wellington became the attorney general of their home state. "Registrationteas" were held during a grassroots campaign for this politician, who derided the other candidates as"seven mediocre men." In 1917, this politician noted "I want to stand by my country" before makinga legislative decision that was criticized as "a fit of female hysteria," despite 55 other men also votingagainst entering World War I.
Mugabe
This politician's wife was accused of beating a model in a Johannesburg hotel.
Obama
This president signed the Matthew Shepard Hate Crimes Prevention Act, which expanded the 1969federal hate-crimes law and required the FBI to track statistics on hate crimes on the basis of gender.Other major statutes passed under this president include the Ledbetter Fair Pay Act and a repeal of theDon't Ask, Don't Tell policy. This president issued the DACA and DAPA executive orders on immigrationand enacted the Dodd-Frank Act. For ten points, name this president, after whom the Affordable CareAct was nicknamed.
Great Leap Forward
This program's effects were first tested at an artificial community in Chayashan, where all wageswere replaced by "work points." Sparrows were systematically killed in this program, as the governmentsought to eliminate the "Four Pests." 30 million people may have perished in the world's deadliest famineas a result of this program, which encouraged farmers to establish backyard steel furnaces. For ten points,name this 1958 initiative in which Mao Zedong attempted to industrialize China
therenovation of Paris under Napoleon III
This project ironically contributed to a concentration of working class socialist supportersin Belleville, an effect of skyrocketing rent. As part of this project, large glass and steelpavilions were designed by Victor (+) Baltard and placed at Les Halles [lay hall]. A mapproduced for this project featured three dark, straight lines and was presented to a formerPrefect of Bordeaux; the maker of that map was partially inspired by (*) Hyde Park in Londonto complete this project. The Prefect of the Seine oversaw, for ten points, what mid-19th century projectthat obliterated much of the ˆIle-de-Cit´e [eel de lah see-tay], widened streets, and modernized NapoleonIII's capital?
Enigma
This project was originally named BONIFACE to give the illusion that a well-placed spy was responsible for the project.
Basque
This region's independence was sought by the outlawed Batasuna [bah-tah-soo-nah] party
Juarez
This rival of Felix Zuloaga was arrested as part of the Plan of Tacubaya. Shortly aftera key victory, the French forced this man to move his capital to San Luis Potosi. Earlier,this man was exiled from (+) Oaxaca [wah-HAH-kah] to New Orleans for his oppositionto Santa Anna's insistance on continuing to fight the Americans. Ignacio Zaragoza servedthis leader at the Battle of (*) Puebla, after which he was able to restore the republic.
Pope Gregory I
This son of Saint Sylvia was described by John Calvin as the last good pope.
Secret Speach
This speech notes that Tito did not fall at the shaking of a finger because it had the support of astate behind him. This oration prompted Enver Hoxha [ho-cha] to condemn the speaker as a revisionist,and audience members at this oration allegedly fell ill and had to be carried out of the room. This orationwas read at many meetings of the Konsomol, rendering its nickname somewhat misleading.
California
This state was home to outlaws like Red-Handed Dick and Joaquin Murietta [wah-KEEN moor-ee-AY-tuh].
Alfred the Great
This victor at Edington established the limits of the (*) Danelaw [DANE-law] by defeating Guthrum [GOOTH-rumm].
Aung San Suu Kyi
This woman's father convened the Panglong Conference to assess the status of his country's minorities.Because this woman is the mother of British citizens, she is barred from assuming her elected office. Thisde facto leader, the head of the National League for Democracy, was not able to accept her Nobel PeacePrize because her country's military regime had barred her from returning if she left the country. Thisleader has been criticized for her indifference to the plight of the Rohingya. For the point, name thispolitician who long opposed the ruling military junta of Myanmar.
mary queen of scots
This woman's husband was killed by a gunpowder explosion that leveled a house at Kirk o' Field.This woman's betrothal was provided by the Treaty of Greenwich [gren-itch], and her marriage to EdwardVI was the goal of the aggressors in the War of the Rough Wooing. After the suspicious death of herhusband, Lord Darnley, this person was imprisoned by her cousin Elizabeth I and held in captivity untilher execution. For the point, name this queen whose nickname reflects her rule over a realm north ofEngland.
Queen Victoria
This woman's uncle, the Duke of Cumberland, dissolved the Constitution of Hanover, leading tocriticism from the Brothers Grimm. King Leopold I served as the matchmaker for this woman, his niece.Edward Oxford was ruled mentally insane after trying to kill this person. Robert Peel chose not to bePrime Minister because this leader failed to dismiss her Ladies of the Bedchamber. This woman marrieda man who planned the 1851 Crystal Palace Exhibition. For the point, name this Queen of England whomarried Prince Consort Albert and ruled for over six decades.
The Economic Consequences of the Peace
This work's argument may have been inspired by a meeting with Carl Melchior. This work ominouslyended by warning that men listen to whatever "hope, illusion, or revenge" is given to them during"economic privation." This book, whose ideas were roughly implemented much later by the Marshall Plan,attacked a so-called "Carthaginian peace" and foresaw the devastating inflation that reparations wouldcreate. For the point, name this 1919 work that criticized the strict conditions imposed on Germany bythe Treaty of Versailles, written by John Maynard Keynes
Ubermensch
Thomas Common's translation of this concept built upon George Bernard Shaw's translation andwas opposed by Walter Kaufman, the most famous translator of works by this concept's author. Thelife-affirming nature of this concept is contrasted with the "last man" in one work. While not initiallyracially conceived, this concept was appropriated by the Nazis to represent the biologically superior Aryanrace.
Croatia
Thousands of soldiers fleeing from this country attempted to surrender to the British after WorldWar II, but they were refused and subsequently massacred in the Bleiburg Repatriation. In this country,one ethnic group barricaded the village of Berak to disrupt a 1990 election, leading to the Log Revolution.It was led during its independence war by Franjo Tudman, also its first president.
France
Three members of the GIGN, this country's special forces and counter-terrorism unit, advisedthe raid on the Grand Mosque.
Holodomor
Timothy Snyder claims that the death toll of this event has been exaggerated by a factor of 3, and thatits perpetrators made no class-based discrimination so that it would not be labeled a genocide. As partof this event, "black boards" listing non-conforming enemies of the state were published outside villages.Lazar Kaganovich helped orchestrate this event by ordering collectivization and impossible grain exportquotas.
Pharoah
Title given to the rulers of ancient Egypt.
Haymarket Square Riot
To avoid execution for his role in this event, Louis Lingg detonated a blasting cap in his mouth.Though four of this event's participants were hanged by Richard Oglesby, the remainder were pardonedby the newly appointed governor John Peter Altgeld. This event occurred just as Samuel Fielden wasapproached by police as he finished speaking to a crowd outside the McCormick factory. For the point,name this 1886 event in which a bomb was thrown at police in Chicago.
Australian and new Zealand army corps
To deceive enemy forces into believing this group had not yet retreated, William Scurryinvented a self-firing rifle that fired once cans had filled with dripping water. This groupencountered fierce resistance on Lone Pine Hill on the 400 Plateau. Future historian (+)Charles Bean reported on the fighting encountered after this group made an amphibiouslanding at a cove now named for them. A holiday named in remembrance of this groupoccurs on April (*) 25, during which sprigs of rosemary are worn and the Last Post is played.
Roanoke
Upon its discovery, the Kendall Ring was believed to have been worn by a resident ofthis location; recent testing suggests that ring is brass instead of gold. The Zuniga Mapspecifically notes the location of four residents of this location. When John White did not(+) find the shape of a Maltese Cross upon his return to this location in (*) 1590, hewas baffled. Sir Walter Raleigh ordered the founding of this colony, whose inhabitants carved the word"CROATOAN" into a post before its abandonment. For ten points, identify this British "lost colony"established on a namesake North Carolina island.
Bunker Hill
Was the 1775 pyrrhic victory for the British, actually fought on Breed's Hill?
Arnold
Was the American general who attempted to betray West Point?
Gates
Was the American general who won at Saratoga but was disgraced at Camden?
Cornwallis
Was the British general who surrendered at Yorktown?
Hungary
Was the European country invaded by the Soviet Union in October 1956 to put down a revolt?
Babylon
Which was home to the Etemenanki Ziggurat [EE-tem-un-ONN-kee ZIGG-ur-ot] as well as according to legend the Hanging Gardens?
Anyang
Which was the last capital of the Shang [shong] Dynasty and the site of a number of Shang royal tombs?
Kwame Nkrumah
While a teacher at Lincoln University, this man was named president of the African Students Organization of America and Canada.
Mandela
While evading the authorities, this leader stayed at Liliesleaf Farm.
Chestur Arthur
While in office, this man vetoed the Rivers and Harbors Act for its high cost. RobertTodd Lincoln finished his service as Secretary of War under this president. This man wasinitially distrusted for being a (+) "Stalwart" Republican and supporting patronage,but he broke with his old boss Roscoe Conkling by reversing that stance and passing the(*) Pendleton Act to reform civil service. This man served as Vice President under a man who wasassassinated by Charles Guiteau. For ten points, name this President who succeeded James Garfield.
Josef Mengele
While on the run, this man used the name Fritz Ullmann before eventually returning to his birthname. One prisoner stated this man "was capable of being so kind to the children" yet "tomorrow or ina half-hour" he would send them to the crematoria. This man combated a typhus outbreak by killingan entire barracks and then having it sterilized. In one role, this man killed numerous people withheterochromia, so that their eyes could be extracted.
Mandela
While president, he made a controversial visit to Libya's Moammar Gadhafi, and would play a key role in bringing the two Libyans involved in the Lockerbie bombing to trial.
Mohandas Gandhi
While representing the cousin of Dada Abdullah, this man left a court after being askedto remove his turban. This man presented a petition with 10,000 signatures to Lord Ripon,convincing him to temporarily suspend the Natal Assembly. Hermann (+) Kallenbachdonated the land that allowed this man to establish Tolstoy Farm. In a 1906 article, thisman outlined his "loyalty to the truth," an idea that evolved into (*) Satyagraha.
Biden
While serving as a Senator, this man drafted the Violence Against Women Act and oversaw RobertBork's Supreme Court confirmation hearing as chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee. This man wasaccused of plagiarizing a speech by Labour politician Neil Kinnock during his 1988 Presidential run. Inanother campaign, this man called a "lecture on embassy security" a "bunch of malarkey" in a debatewith 2012 Paul Ryan.
Jonathan edwards
While serving as president of the College of New Jersey, this man agreed to be inoculated withsmallpox to convince others to do the same, but died of infection. An oration by this man quotesDeuteronomy to say "their foot shall slide in due time," and compares humanity to a spider being heldover a fire. For the point, name this First Great Awakening preacher who delivered the sermon "Sinnersin the Hands of an Angry God."
Newark
While this city was led for two decades by mayor Sharpe James, crime rates rose along the highlypolluted Passaic River. James was the co-subject of the documentary Street Fight with his successor asmayor of this city, a man who took over Frank Lautenberg's Senate seat in 2013. In 2010, Mark Zuckerbergmade a $100 million donation to this city's public school system.
Idi amin
While this leader was in power, members of the Lango and Acholi ethnicities were massacred in the Jinja and Mbarara Barracks
Mark Felt
While this man served as Associate Director of the FBI from 1972 to 73, he provided crucialinformation on the Watergate scandal to Woodward and Bernstein as the anonymous informant DeepThroat.
Pinochet
man who overthrew Salvador Allende [eye-EN-day] in 1973.
